diff --git a/lib/agent-tools-common.js b/lib/agent-tools-common.js
index 681b622..4b52ae1 100644
--- a/lib/agent-tools-common.js
+++ b/lib/agent-tools-common.js
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@ function watchKbContext(listener) {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -708,20 +713,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -730,16 +731,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -748,20 +744,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -770,38 +762,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/lib/agent-tools-nms.js b/lib/agent-tools-nms.js
index ec63a46..39829c8 100644
--- a/lib/agent-tools-nms.js
+++ b/lib/agent-tools-nms.js
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@ function watchKbContext(listener) {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -708,20 +713,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -730,16 +731,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -748,20 +744,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -770,38 +762,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/lib/agent-tools-ops.js b/lib/agent-tools-ops.js
index 0050eab..72b1002 100644
--- a/lib/agent-tools-ops.js
+++ b/lib/agent-tools-ops.js
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@ function watchKbContext(listener) {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -708,20 +713,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -730,16 +731,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -748,20 +744,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -770,38 +762,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/lib/agent-tools-topology.js b/lib/agent-tools-topology.js
index f709df5..c9d1803 100644
--- a/lib/agent-tools-topology.js
+++ b/lib/agent-tools-topology.js
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@ function watchKbContext(listener) {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -708,20 +713,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -730,16 +731,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -748,20 +744,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -770,38 +762,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/lib/agent-tools.js b/lib/agent-tools.js
index ff64468..6faf0f6 100644
--- a/lib/agent-tools.js
+++ b/lib/agent-tools.js
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@ function watchKbContext(listener) {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -708,20 +713,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -730,16 +731,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -748,20 +744,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -770,38 +762,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/lib/index.js b/lib/index.js
index bf912fd..bbe596d 100644
--- a/lib/index.js
+++ b/lib/index.js
@@ -1526,6 +1526,11 @@ function resetKbContext() {
 var str = (description) => ({ type: "string", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var bool = (description) => ({ type: "boolean", ...description ? { description } : {} });
 var num = (description) => ({ type: "number", ...description ? { description } : {} });
+var reqStr = (description) => ({
+  type: "string",
+  required: true,
+  ...description ? { description } : {}
+});
 function renderJson(_args, value) {
   return [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }];
 }
@@ -1562,20 +1567,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
     return () => {};
   const entries = [
     tool("netx__kbWriteMemory", `Create (or overwrite) one diary-style memory markdown under ${localRoot}/memories/. ` + "bucket: note→日常笔记, rca_review→排障复盘, ai_trace→AI思维链. " + "Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. " + "Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["bucket", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        bucket: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
-          description: "Memory subdirectory"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      bucket: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["note", "rca_review", "ai_trace"],
+        description: "Memory subdirectory"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem (no path separators)"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
       bucket: args.bucket,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -1584,16 +1585,11 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteDraft", `Create (or overwrite) a DRAFT case under ${localRoot}/drafts/. ` + "Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. " + "Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        slug: str("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
-        body: str("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
-        domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
-        date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      slug: reqStr("Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)"),
+      body: reqStr("Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)"),
+      domain: str("Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/"),
+      date: str("Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? ""),
@@ -1602,20 +1598,16 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbWriteSuggestion", `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. ` + "Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["kind", "slug", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        kind: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
-          description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
-        },
-        slug: str("Short filename stem"),
-        body: str("Full markdown body"),
-        date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
-        overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
-      }
+      kind: {
+        type: "string",
+        required: true,
+        enum: ["theory", "improvement"],
+        description: "theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process"
+      },
+      slug: reqStr("Short filename stem"),
+      body: reqStr("Full markdown body"),
+      date: str("Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)"),
+      overwrite: bool("Replace if the target file already exists")
     }, (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
       kind: args.kind,
       slug: String(args.slug ?? ""),
@@ -1624,38 +1616,24 @@ function registerKbLocalTools(ctx, snapshot = getKbContext()) {
       overwrite: args.overwrite === true
     })),
     tool("netx__kbUpdateLocal", `Replace the body of an existing file under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). ` + "Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path", "body"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
-        body: str("New full markdown body")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root"),
+      body: reqStr("New full markdown body")
     }, (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? ""),
       body: String(args.body ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbDeleteLocal", `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions ` + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`, {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      required: ["path"],
-      properties: {
-        path: str("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
-      }
+      path: reqStr("Absolute path or path relative to KB local root")
     }, (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
       path: String(args.path ?? "")
     })),
     tool("netx__kbListLocal", `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). ` + "Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.", {
-      type: "object",
-      additionalProperties: false,
-      properties: {
-        root: {
-          type: "string",
-          enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
-          description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
-        },
-        limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
-      }
+      root: {
+        type: "string",
+        enum: ["memories", "drafts", "suggestions", "all"],
+        description: "Subtree to list (default all writable)"
+      },
+      limit: num("Max entries 1–200 (default 50)")
     }, (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
       root: args.root ?? "all",
       limit: typeof args.limit === "number" ? args.limit : undefined
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index e78849d..3b75b50 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "dsh-netxops",
-  "version": "0.1.34",
+  "version": "0.1.35",
   "description": "DeepSeek Harness Netx Ops: ops/topology + IM delivery + session export + knowledge-base MANIFEST/_skills + localSkills",
   "license": "MIT",
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/src/netx/kb-local-tools.ts b/src/netx/kb-local-tools.ts
index 57ce322..77ff825 100644
--- a/src/netx/kb-local-tools.ts
+++ b/src/netx/kb-local-tools.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ import { getKbContext } from './kb-runtime.ts'
 const str = (description?: string) => ({ type: 'string' as const, ...(description ? { description } : {}) })
 const bool = (description?: string) => ({ type: 'boolean' as const, ...(description ? { description } : {}) })
 const num = (description?: string) => ({ type: 'number' as const, ...(description ? { description } : {}) })
+const reqStr = (description?: string) => ({
+  type: 'string' as const,
+  required: true as const,
+  ...(description ? { description } : {}),
+})
 
 function renderJson(_args: unknown, value: unknown) {
   return [{ type: 'text' as const, text: JSON.stringify(value, null, 0) }]
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ function liveSnapshot(): KbSnapshot {
 function tool(
   name: string,
   description: string,
+  /** DSH `defineTool` expects a flat property map — not a full JSON Schema object. */
   parameters: Record<string, unknown>,
   execute: (args: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<unknown> | unknown,
 ) {
@@ -79,20 +85,16 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
         + 'Default create-only; set overwrite=true to replace same filename. '
         + 'Do not use workspace Write — KB is outside the sandbox.',
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        required: ['bucket', 'slug', 'body'],
-        properties: {
-          bucket: {
-            type: 'string',
-            enum: ['note', 'rca_review', 'ai_trace'],
-            description: 'Memory subdirectory',
-          },
-          slug: str('Short filename stem (no path separators)'),
-          body: str('Full markdown body'),
-          date: str('Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)'),
-          overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
+        bucket: {
+          type: 'string' as const,
+          required: true as const,
+          enum: ['note', 'rca_review', 'ai_trace'],
+          description: 'Memory subdirectory',
         },
+        slug: reqStr('Short filename stem (no path separators)'),
+        body: reqStr('Full markdown body'),
+        date: str('Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)'),
+        overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
       },
       (args) => createMemory(liveSnapshot(), {
         bucket: args.bucket as 'note' | 'rca_review' | 'ai_trace',
@@ -108,16 +110,11 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
         + 'Filename is forced to DRAFT-YYYYMMDD-…; body gets status: draft frontmatter if missing. '
         + 'Set overwrite=true to replace. Not for identity/ or formal RCA.',
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        required: ['slug', 'body'],
-        properties: {
-          slug: str('Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)'),
-          body: str('Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)'),
-          domain: str('Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/'),
-          date: str('Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD'),
-          overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
-        },
+        slug: reqStr('Case stem (DRAFT- prefix added if missing)'),
+        body: reqStr('Markdown body (RCA-ish draft)'),
+        domain: str('Optional fault-domain subfolder under drafts/'),
+        date: str('Optional event date YYYY-MM-DD or YYYYMMDD'),
+        overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
       },
       (args) => createDraft(liveSnapshot(), {
         slug: String(args.slug ?? ''),
@@ -132,20 +129,16 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
       `Create (or overwrite) a suggestion under ${localRoot}/suggestions/{theory|improvement}/. `
         + 'Use for theory corrections or tool/process improvements — never rewrite identity/.',
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        required: ['kind', 'slug', 'body'],
-        properties: {
-          kind: {
-            type: 'string',
-            enum: ['theory', 'improvement'],
-            description: 'theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process',
-          },
-          slug: str('Short filename stem'),
-          body: str('Full markdown body'),
-          date: str('Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)'),
-          overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
+        kind: {
+          type: 'string' as const,
+          required: true as const,
+          enum: ['theory', 'improvement'],
+          description: 'theory = knowledge fix; improvement = tools/skills/process',
         },
+        slug: reqStr('Short filename stem'),
+        body: reqStr('Full markdown body'),
+        date: str('Optional YYYY-MM-DD (default today)'),
+        overwrite: bool('Replace if the target file already exists'),
       },
       (args) => createSuggestion(liveSnapshot(), {
         kind: args.kind as 'theory' | 'improvement',
@@ -161,13 +154,8 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
         + `(absolute path or path relative to ${localRoot}). `
         + 'Cannot touch identity/ or outside paths.local. Drafts keep status: draft.',
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        required: ['path', 'body'],
-        properties: {
-          path: str('Absolute path or path relative to KB local root'),
-          body: str('New full markdown body'),
-        },
+        path: reqStr('Absolute path or path relative to KB local root'),
+        body: reqStr('New full markdown body'),
       },
       (args) => updateLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
         path: String(args.path ?? ''),
@@ -179,12 +167,7 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
       `Delete one existing markdown under memories|drafts|suggestions `
         + `(absolute or relative to ${localRoot}). Refuses identity/ and escapes.`,
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        required: ['path'],
-        properties: {
-          path: str('Absolute path or path relative to KB local root'),
-        },
+        path: reqStr('Absolute path or path relative to KB local root'),
       },
       (args) => deleteLocalFile(liveSnapshot(), {
         path: String(args.path ?? ''),
@@ -195,16 +178,12 @@ export function registerKbLocalTools(
       `List recent .md files under ${localRoot} memories|drafts|suggestions (newest first). `
         + 'Does not include identity/. Read contents via absolute paths from the listing.',
       {
-        type: 'object',
-        additionalProperties: false,
-        properties: {
-          root: {
-            type: 'string',
-            enum: ['memories', 'drafts', 'suggestions', 'all'],
-            description: 'Subtree to list (default all writable)',
-          },
-          limit: num('Max entries 1–200 (default 50)'),
+        root: {
+          type: 'string' as const,
+          enum: ['memories', 'drafts', 'suggestions', 'all'],
+          description: 'Subtree to list (default all writable)',
         },
+        limit: num('Max entries 1–200 (default 50)'),
       },
       (args) => listLocalFiles(liveSnapshot(), {
         root: (args.root as 'memories' | 'drafts' | 'suggestions' | 'all' | undefined) ?? 'all',