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重构主控编排与运行时预热链路，统一工作区提示词/专家调度协议并补齐 wiki 记忆注入与写回闭环。
同时收敛启动与运维脚本默认行为（含 wiki worker）、更新 Admin 可观测性与相关测试，降低首轮时延并提高运行稳定性。 Made-with: Cursor
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openclaw/docs/cli/browser.md
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openclaw/docs/cli/browser.md
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---
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summary: "CLI reference for `openclaw browser` (lifecycle, profiles, tabs, actions, state, and debugging)"
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read_when:
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- You use `openclaw browser` and want examples for common tasks
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- You want to control a browser running on another machine via a node host
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- You want to attach to your local signed-in Chrome via Chrome MCP
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title: "browser"
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---
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# `openclaw browser`
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Manage OpenClaw's browser control surface and run browser actions (lifecycle, profiles, tabs, snapshots, screenshots, navigation, input, state emulation, and debugging).
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Related:
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- Browser tool + API: [Browser tool](/tools/browser)
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## Common flags
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- `--url <gatewayWsUrl>`: Gateway WebSocket URL (defaults to config).
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- `--token <token>`: Gateway token (if required).
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- `--timeout <ms>`: request timeout (ms).
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- `--expect-final`: wait for a final Gateway response.
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- `--browser-profile <name>`: choose a browser profile (default from config).
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- `--json`: machine-readable output (where supported).
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## Quick start (local)
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```bash
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openclaw browser profiles
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw start
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw open https://example.com
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw snapshot
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```
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## Quick troubleshooting
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If `start` fails with `not reachable after start`, troubleshoot CDP readiness first. If `start` and `tabs` succeed but `open` or `navigate` fails, the browser control plane is healthy and the failure is usually navigation SSRF policy.
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Minimal sequence:
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```bash
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw start
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw tabs
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw open https://example.com
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```
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Detailed guidance: [Browser troubleshooting](/tools/browser#cdp-startup-failure-vs-navigation-ssrf-block)
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## Lifecycle
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```bash
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openclaw browser status
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openclaw browser start
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openclaw browser stop
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openclaw browser --browser-profile openclaw reset-profile
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```
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Notes:
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- For `attachOnly` and remote CDP profiles, `openclaw browser stop` closes the
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active control session and clears temporary emulation overrides even when
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OpenClaw did not launch the browser process itself.
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- For local managed profiles, `openclaw browser stop` stops the spawned browser
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process.
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## If the command is missing
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If `openclaw browser` is an unknown command, check `plugins.allow` in
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`~/.openclaw/openclaw.json`.
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When `plugins.allow` is present, the bundled browser plugin must be listed
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explicitly:
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```json5
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{
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plugins: {
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allow: ["telegram", "browser"],
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},
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}
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```
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`browser.enabled=true` does not restore the CLI subcommand when the plugin
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allowlist excludes `browser`.
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Related: [Browser tool](/tools/browser#missing-browser-command-or-tool)
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## Profiles
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Profiles are named browser routing configs. In practice:
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- `openclaw`: launches or attaches to a dedicated OpenClaw-managed Chrome instance (isolated user data dir).
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- `user`: controls your existing signed-in Chrome session via Chrome DevTools MCP.
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- custom CDP profiles: point at a local or remote CDP endpoint.
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```bash
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openclaw browser profiles
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openclaw browser create-profile --name work --color "#FF5A36"
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openclaw browser create-profile --name chrome-live --driver existing-session
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openclaw browser create-profile --name remote --cdp-url https://browser-host.example.com
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openclaw browser delete-profile --name work
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```
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Use a specific profile:
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```bash
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openclaw browser --browser-profile work tabs
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```
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## Tabs
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```bash
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openclaw browser tabs
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openclaw browser tab new
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openclaw browser tab select 2
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openclaw browser tab close 2
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openclaw browser open https://docs.openclaw.ai
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openclaw browser focus <targetId>
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openclaw browser close <targetId>
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```
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## Snapshot / screenshot / actions
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Snapshot:
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```bash
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openclaw browser snapshot
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```
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Screenshot:
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```bash
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openclaw browser screenshot
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openclaw browser screenshot --full-page
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openclaw browser screenshot --ref e12
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```
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Notes:
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- `--full-page` is for page captures only; it cannot be combined with `--ref`
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or `--element`.
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- `existing-session` / `user` profiles support page screenshots and `--ref`
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screenshots from snapshot output, but not CSS `--element` screenshots.
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Navigate/click/type (ref-based UI automation):
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```bash
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openclaw browser navigate https://example.com
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openclaw browser click <ref>
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openclaw browser type <ref> "hello"
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openclaw browser press Enter
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openclaw browser hover <ref>
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openclaw browser scrollintoview <ref>
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openclaw browser drag <startRef> <endRef>
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openclaw browser select <ref> OptionA OptionB
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openclaw browser fill --fields '[{"ref":"1","value":"Ada"}]'
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openclaw browser wait --text "Done"
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openclaw browser evaluate --fn '(el) => el.textContent' --ref <ref>
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```
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File + dialog helpers:
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```bash
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openclaw browser upload /tmp/openclaw/uploads/file.pdf --ref <ref>
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openclaw browser waitfordownload
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openclaw browser download <ref> report.pdf
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openclaw browser dialog --accept
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```
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## State and storage
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Viewport + emulation:
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```bash
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openclaw browser resize 1280 720
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openclaw browser set viewport 1280 720
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openclaw browser set offline on
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openclaw browser set media dark
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openclaw browser set timezone Europe/London
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openclaw browser set locale en-GB
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openclaw browser set geo 51.5074 -0.1278 --accuracy 25
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openclaw browser set device "iPhone 14"
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openclaw browser set headers '{"x-test":"1"}'
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openclaw browser set credentials myuser mypass
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```
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Cookies + storage:
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```bash
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openclaw browser cookies
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openclaw browser cookies set session abc123 --url https://example.com
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openclaw browser cookies clear
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openclaw browser storage local get
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openclaw browser storage local set token abc123
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openclaw browser storage session clear
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```
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## Debugging
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```bash
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openclaw browser console --level error
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openclaw browser pdf
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openclaw browser responsebody "**/api"
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openclaw browser highlight <ref>
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openclaw browser errors --clear
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openclaw browser requests --filter api
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openclaw browser trace start
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openclaw browser trace stop --out trace.zip
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```
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## Existing Chrome via MCP
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Use the built-in `user` profile, or create your own `existing-session` profile:
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```bash
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openclaw browser --browser-profile user tabs
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openclaw browser create-profile --name chrome-live --driver existing-session
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openclaw browser create-profile --name brave-live --driver existing-session --user-data-dir "~/Library/Application Support/BraveSoftware/Brave-Browser"
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openclaw browser --browser-profile chrome-live tabs
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```
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This path is host-only. For Docker, headless servers, Browserless, or other remote setups, use a CDP profile instead.
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Current existing-session limits:
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- snapshot-driven actions use refs, not CSS selectors
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- `click` is left-click only
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- `type` does not support `slowly=true`
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- `press` does not support `delayMs`
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- `hover`, `scrollintoview`, `drag`, `select`, `fill`, and `evaluate` reject
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per-call timeout overrides
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- `select` supports one value only
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- `wait --load networkidle` is not supported
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- file uploads require `--ref` / `--input-ref`, do not support CSS
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`--element`, and currently support one file at a time
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- dialog hooks do not support `--timeout`
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- screenshots support page captures and `--ref`, but not CSS `--element`
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- `responsebody`, download interception, PDF export, and batch actions still
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require a managed browser or raw CDP profile
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## Remote browser control (node host proxy)
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If the Gateway runs on a different machine than the browser, run a **node host** on the machine that has Chrome/Brave/Edge/Chromium. The Gateway will proxy browser actions to that node (no separate browser control server required).
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Use `gateway.nodes.browser.mode` to control auto-routing and `gateway.nodes.browser.node` to pin a specific node if multiple are connected.
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Security + remote setup: [Browser tool](/tools/browser), [Remote access](/gateway/remote), [Tailscale](/gateway/tailscale), [Security](/gateway/security)
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