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openclaw/docs/concepts/agent.md

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+---
+summary: "Agent runtime, workspace contract, and session bootstrap"
+read_when:
+  - Changing agent runtime, workspace bootstrap, or session behavior
+title: "Agent Runtime"
+---
+
+# Agent Runtime
+
+OpenClaw runs a single embedded agent runtime.
+
+## Workspace (required)
+
+OpenClaw uses a single agent workspace directory (`agents.defaults.workspace`) as the agent’s **only** working directory (`cwd`) for tools and context.
+
+Recommended: use `openclaw setup` to create `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json` if missing and initialize the workspace files.
+
+Full workspace layout + backup guide: [Agent workspace](/concepts/agent-workspace)
+
+If `agents.defaults.sandbox` is enabled, non-main sessions can override this with
+per-session workspaces under `agents.defaults.sandbox.workspaceRoot` (see
+[Gateway configuration](/gateway/configuration)).
+
+## Bootstrap files (injected)
+
+Inside `agents.defaults.workspace`, OpenClaw expects these user-editable files:
+
+- `AGENTS.md` — operating instructions + “memory”
+- `SOUL.md` — persona, boundaries, tone
+- `TOOLS.md` — user-maintained tool notes (e.g. `imsg`, `sag`, conventions)
+- `BOOTSTRAP.md` — one-time first-run ritual (deleted after completion)
+- `IDENTITY.md` — agent name/vibe/emoji
+- `USER.md` — user profile + preferred address
+
+On the first turn of a new session, OpenClaw injects the contents of these files directly into the agent context.
+
+Blank files are skipped. Large files are trimmed and truncated with a marker so prompts stay lean (read the file for full content).
+
+If a file is missing, OpenClaw injects a single “missing file” marker line (and `openclaw setup` will create a safe default template).
+
+`BOOTSTRAP.md` is only created for a **brand new workspace** (no other bootstrap files present). If you delete it after completing the ritual, it should not be recreated on later restarts.
+
+To disable bootstrap file creation entirely (for pre-seeded workspaces), set:
+
+```json5
+{ agent: { skipBootstrap: true } }
+```
+
+## Built-in tools
+
+Core tools (read/exec/edit/write and related system tools) are always available,
+subject to tool policy. `apply_patch` is optional and gated by
+`tools.exec.applyPatch`. `TOOLS.md` does **not** control which tools exist; it’s
+guidance for how _you_ want them used.
+
+## Skills
+
+OpenClaw loads skills from these locations (highest precedence first):
+
+- Workspace: `<workspace>/skills`
+- Project agent skills: `<workspace>/.agents/skills`
+- Personal agent skills: `~/.agents/skills`
+- Managed/local: `~/.openclaw/skills`
+- Bundled (shipped with the install)
+- Extra skill folders: `skills.load.extraDirs`
+
+Skills can be gated by config/env (see `skills` in [Gateway configuration](/gateway/configuration)).
+
+## Runtime boundaries
+
+The embedded agent runtime is built on the Pi agent core (models, tools, and
+prompt pipeline). Session management, discovery, tool wiring, and channel
+delivery are OpenClaw-owned layers on top of that core.
+
+## Sessions
+
+Session transcripts are stored as JSONL at:
+
+- `~/.openclaw/agents/<agentId>/sessions/<SessionId>.jsonl`
+
+The session ID is stable and chosen by OpenClaw.
+Legacy session folders from other tools are not read.
+
+## Steering while streaming
+
+When queue mode is `steer`, inbound messages are injected into the current run.
+Queued steering is delivered **after the current assistant turn finishes
+executing its tool calls**, before the next LLM call. Steering no longer skips
+remaining tool calls from the current assistant message; it injects the queued
+message at the next model boundary instead.
+
+When queue mode is `followup` or `collect`, inbound messages are held until the
+current turn ends, then a new agent turn starts with the queued payloads. See
+[Queue](/concepts/queue) for mode + debounce/cap behavior.
+
+Block streaming sends completed assistant blocks as soon as they finish; it is
+**off by default** (`agents.defaults.blockStreamingDefault: "off"`).
+Tune the boundary via `agents.defaults.blockStreamingBreak` (`text_end` vs `message_end`; defaults to text_end).
+Control soft block chunking with `agents.defaults.blockStreamingChunk` (defaults to
+800–1200 chars; prefers paragraph breaks, then newlines; sentences last).
+Coalesce streamed chunks with `agents.defaults.blockStreamingCoalesce` to reduce
+single-line spam (idle-based merging before send). Non-Telegram channels require
+explicit `*.blockStreaming: true` to enable block replies.
+Verbose tool summaries are emitted at tool start (no debounce); Control UI
+streams tool output via agent events when available.
+More details: [Streaming + chunking](/concepts/streaming).
+
+## Model refs
+
+Model refs in config (for example `agents.defaults.model` and `agents.defaults.models`) are parsed by splitting on the **first** `/`.
+
+- Use `provider/model` when configuring models.
+- If the model ID itself contains `/` (OpenRouter-style), include the provider prefix (example: `openrouter/moonshotai/kimi-k2`).
+- If you omit the provider, OpenClaw tries an alias first, then a unique
+  configured-provider match for that exact model id, and only then falls back
+  to the configured default provider. If that provider no longer exposes the
+  configured default model, OpenClaw falls back to the first configured
+  provider/model instead of surfacing a stale removed-provider default.
+
+## Configuration (minimal)
+
+At minimum, set:
+
+- `agents.defaults.workspace`
+- `channels.whatsapp.allowFrom` (strongly recommended)
+
+---
+
+_Next: [Group Chats](/channels/group-messages)_ 🦞