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fix erro command
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4 changed files with 554 additions and 790 deletions
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# BGP跨域配置规范(Option-B场景)
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## 适用场景
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- 不同AS之间的MPLS VPN互联(如AS100与AS200的VPN用户互通)
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- 需要端到端的MPLS标签转发,避免在ASBR上解封装再封装
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---
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## Option-B架构说明
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### 网络拓扑
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```
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CE1 --- PE1 --- ASBR1 ==== ASBR2 --- PE2 --- CE2
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(AS100) (AS100) (AS200) (AS200)
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| |
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EBGP会话 EBGP会话
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(带标签) (带标签)
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```
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**关键特征**:
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- ASBR1和ASBR2之间建立EBGP会话,交换VPNv4路由(带标签)
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- ASBR向IBGP邻居(PE)宣告从EBGP学到的路由
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- **核心要求**:ASBR必须配置`next-hop-self`,否则PE收到的BGP下一跳是对端ASBR的互联地址(非32位),导致LDP无法分配标签
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---
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## 标准配置模板
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### ASBR配置(以ASBR1为例,AS100侧)
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```bash
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! BGP基础配置
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router bgp 100
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neighbor 20.0.0.2 remote-as 200 ! EBGP邻居(ASBR2的互联地址)
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neighbor 20.0.0.2 ebgp-multihop 2 ! 若非直连需配多跳
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neighbor 20.0.0.2 update-source loopback0
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! VPNv4地址族(关键!)
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address-family vpnv4
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neighbor 20.0.0.2 activate ! 激活EBGP邻居
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neighbor 20.0.0.2 send-label ! 发送标签(Cisco语法,5800-4X类似)
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! 向IBGP邻居宣告时修改下一跳(最关键的一步!)
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neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 100 ! IBGP邻居(PE路由器)
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neighbor 10.0.0.1 next-hop-self ! ⭐ 强制将下一跳改为本机Loopback
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exit-address-family
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! IPv4单播地址族(可选,用于底层IGP路由)
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address-family ipv4 unicast
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network 10.0.0.1 mask 255.255.255.255 ! 宣告Loopback
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exit-address-family
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```
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### PE配置(以PE1为例,AS100侧)
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```bash
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router bgp 100
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! IBGP全互联或使用路由反射器
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neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 100 ! ASBR1的Loopback
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neighbor 10.0.0.2 update-source loopback0
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address-family vpnv4
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neighbor 10.0.0.2 activate
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! 不需要配next-hop-self,因为ASBR已经做了
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exit-address-family
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! VRF配置(关联CE侧)
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vrf definition VPN-A
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rd 100:1
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route-target export 100:1
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route-target import 100:1
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exit-vrf-definition
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interface gei-1/1
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vrf forwarding VPN-A
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ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
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end
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```
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---
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## 关键配置检查清单
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### ASBR必查项
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- [ ] `address-family vpnv4`下配置了EBGP邻居并`activate`
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- [ ] 配置了`send-label`或等价命令(启用标签分发)
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- [ ] 向IBGP邻居宣告时配置了`next-hop-self`
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- [ ] ASBR的Loopback地址通过IGP宣告(确保IBGP可达)
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### PE必查项
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- [ ] IBGP邻居关系使用Loopback地址建立
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- [ ] VRF的RD和Route Target配置正确
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- [ ] 从ASBR学到的VPNv4路由的下一跳是ASBR的Loopback(32位)
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---
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## 验证步骤
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### 第1步:检查ASBR上的BGP路由
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```bash
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# 在ASBR1上执行
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show bgp vpnv4 un addr <dest-prefix>
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# 期望输出关键字段:
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# From 20.0.0.2 (20.0.0.2): 下一跳=20.0.0.2(EBGP对端)
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# From 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1): 下一跳=10.0.0.1(已改为本机Loopback)
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```
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### 第2步:检查PE上的BGP路由和标签
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```bash
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# 在PE1上执行
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show bgp vpnv4 un addr <dest-prefix>
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# 期望输出:
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# Next hop: 10.0.0.2(ASBR1的Loopback,32位主机路由)
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# Label: 16001(明确的MPLS标签)
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show ip forwarding route vrf VPN-A <dest-prefix>
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# 期望输出:
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# Interface: gei-1/2(实际出接口,不是NULL)
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# Gw: 10.0.0.2(下一跳可达)
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```
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### 第3步:端到端连通性测试
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```bash
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# 从CE1 ping CE2的地址
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ping vrf VPN-A <CE2-IP> source <CE1-IP>
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# 若不通,用tracerace定位断点
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traceroute vrf VPN-A <CE2-IP>
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```
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---
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## 常见故障与根因
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### 故障1:PE上VRF路由下一跳为NULL
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**现象**:`show ip forwarding route vrf`显示Interface=NULL
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**可能根因**:
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1. **ASBR未配next-hop-self** → PE收到的下一跳是对端ASBR的互联地址(/30),LDP不分配标签
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2. **LDP配置了access-fec过滤** → 即使下一跳是32位,也可能被过滤掉
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**排障流程**:
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```bash
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# 步骤1:查看BGP下一跳
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show bgp vpnv4 un addr <prefix> | include Next
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# 步骤2:若下一跳是/30地址(如20.0.0.2/30),则ASBR肯定没配next-hop-self
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# 步骤3:若下一跳是32位但仍无标签,检查LDP策略
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show running-config mpls ldp | include access-fec
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```
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**关联案例**:参见 `04_历史故障案例库/BGP/标签与LDP类/BGP_跨域下一跳NULL_LDP策略与下一跳修复_20260720.md`
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---
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### 故障2:ASBR上EBGP邻居无法建立
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**现象**:`show ip bgp summary`中EBGP邻居状态为Idle或Active
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**可能根因**:
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1. TCP端口179被ACL阻断
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2. EBGP多跳未配置(若非直连)
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3. MD5认证不匹配
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4. Update-source配置错误
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**排障命令**:
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```bash
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show ip bgp neighbors <ip> # 查看邻居详细状态
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show access-lists | include 179 # 检查ACL是否阻断BGP
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show running-config | include router bgp # 验证ebgp-multihop和update-source
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```
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---
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### 故障3:标签分配正常但业务仍不通
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**现象**:MPLS转发表有标签,但ping不通
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**可能根因**:
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1. **VRF路由泄露问题**:Route Target配置错误,导致PE没有导入对端路由
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2. **CEF转发异常**:硬件转发表未正确编程
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3. **MTU不匹配**:MPLS报文超过链路MTU被丢弃
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**排障命令**:
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```bash
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# 检查VRF路由表
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show ip route vrf VPN-A
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# 检查MPLS转发统计
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show mpls forwarding-table statistics
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# 检查接口MTU
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show interface <interface> | include MTU
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```
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---
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## 配置优化建议
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### 1. 使用路由反射器简化IBGP全互联
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对于大型网络,PE之间不必全互联建IBGP:
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```bash
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# 指定RR(路由反射器)
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router bgp 100
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neighbor 10.0.0.100 remote-as 100 # RR的Loopback
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neighbor 10.0.0.100 route-reflector-client # 仅在RR上配
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# PE侧无需特殊配置,RR会自动反射路由
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```
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### 2. 启用BGP PIC(快速重收敛)
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```bash
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router bgp 100
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bgp fast-external-failover # 链路Down立即撤销路由
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neighbor <ip> fall-over bfd # 与BFD联动检测
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```
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### 3. 限制接收的前缀数量(防攻击)
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```bash
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router bgp 100
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neighbor <ip> maximum-prefix 10000 90 # 最多1万条,90%时告警
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```
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---
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**维护建议**:
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- 每次新增跨域业务前,必须在实验室模拟Option-B场景验证配置
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- 定期审查ASBR的next-hop-self配置(现场变更可能误删)
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- 对于重要客户VPN,部署BFD实现亚秒级故障检测
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**关联文档**:
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- `01_协议排障逻辑树/BGP/VPN跨域标签异常排查树.md`
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- `02_产品平台特性/协议实现差异.md`(BGP next-hop-self行为差异)
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@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
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# LDP配置基线
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## 标准配置模板
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### 基础LDP配置
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```bash
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mpls ldp instance 1
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discovery hello holdtime 180
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discovery targeted-hello holdtime 180
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graceful-restart
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graceful-restart timer max-recovery 600
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graceful-restart timer neighbor-liveness 300
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access-fec ip-prefix host-route-only ! 显示指定仅主机路由分配标签
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interface smartgroup1 !接口使能ldp
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$
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router-id loopback1 ! 显式指定Router-ID(推荐用Loopback地址)
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target-session 10.26.63.152 ! 通过 target-session 配置ldp
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```
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---
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## 关键参数推荐值
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| 参数 | 推荐值 | 说明 |
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| -------------------| -----------------------| --------------------------------------|
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| Router-ID | Loopback0地址(32位) | 必须全网唯一且稳定 |
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| 传输地址 | Loopback地址 | 避免物理接口Down导致LDP会话中断 |
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| Hello间隔(链路) | 5秒 | 默认值,直连邻居发现 |
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| Hello间隔(目标) | 15秒 | 用于非直连邻居(需配`neighbor`命令) |
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| Keepalive间隔 | 45秒 | TCP连接保活 |
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| Hold Time | 180秒 | Hello保持时间(4倍Hello间隔) |
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| 标签分配模式 | DU(下游主动) | 默认模式,无需配置 |
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| FEC过滤策略 | 不过滤(默认) | 除非有安全或资源限制需求 |
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---
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## 常见配置陷阱与规避
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### ⚠️ 陷阱1:access-fec过滤导致标签缺失
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**现象**:某些非32位FEC没有分配到标签,MPLS转发出接口为NULL
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**错误配置示例**:
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```bash
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mpls ldp nstance 1
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access-fec ip-prefix host-route-only ! 只给32位主机路由分标签
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```
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**问题根因**:
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- 该配置强制LDP只为/32掩码的主机路由分配标签
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- 对于/30或/31的互联地址,即使LDP默认会分配标签,也会被过滤掉
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- **后果**:跨域VPN场景中,若BGP下一跳是互联地址(非32位),会导致标签缺失→流量黑洞
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**规避方案**:
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- 评估业务需求,若无特殊安全要求,**不要配置**`access-fec`过滤
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- 若必须限制标签分配范围,使用更精细的prefix-list:
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```bash
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ip prefix-list ALLOW-HOST-ROUTES seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
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mpls ldp
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access-fec ip-prefix prefix-list ALLOW-HOST-ROUTES ! 允许所有前缀
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```
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**关联案例**:参见 `04_历史故障案例库/BGP/标签与LDP类/BGP_跨域下一跳NULL_LDP策略与下一跳修复_20260720.md`
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---
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## 验证命令速查
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```bash
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# 查看ldp是否存在告警
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show alarm current typeid ldp
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# 查看LDP会话状态
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show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1
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show mpls ldp neighbor <ldp-neighbor> detail instance 1
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show mpls ldp neighbor detail instance 1
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# 查看标签绑定关系
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show mpls ldp bindings 10.0.0.8 32 detail instance 1 ! 优先使用
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show mpls ldp bindings 10.0.0.8 32 instance 1 ! 优先使用
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show mpls ldp bindings instance 1
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# 查看标签转发表
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show mpls forwarding-table 10.0.0.8 32
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show mpls forwarding-table
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# 查看LDP配置
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show running-config ldp
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```
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---
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**维护建议**:
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- 每季度审查一次LDP配置基线,确保与现网实践一致
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- 新增LDP邻居前,必须在变更窗口内验证MD5认证和标签分配
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- 对于跨域Option-B场景,务必同步检查BGP next-hop-self配置
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**关联文档**:
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- `06_标准SOP与工具脚本/MPLS标签排障命令速查.md`
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@ -1,400 +1,169 @@
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# 命令探索方法论:通过 `?` 在线帮助发现真实命令
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# 命令探索方法论:使用 `?` 在线帮助
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## 为什么需要命令探索?
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## 核心价值
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在实际网络运维中,我们经常遇到以下问题:
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- **文档过时**:厂商设备版本升级后命令语法变化
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- **记忆模糊**:记不清完整命令路径和参数格式
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- **设备差异**:不同厂商(ZTE/Huawei/Cisco)命令体系不同
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- **上下文依赖**:某些命令只在特定模式下可用
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在网络运维中,通过设备内置的 `?` 帮助系统逐层探索命令,比记忆命令更可靠。
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**解决方案**:使用设备内置的 `?` 在线帮助系统,像"剥洋葱"一样逐层探索。
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**适用场景**:
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- 文档过时或版本不匹配
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- 记不清完整命令路径
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- 不同厂商命令差异
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- 特定模式下可用命令
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---
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## 核心原则:从宽到窄,逐步细化
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## 五步探索法
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### 探索路径示例:以BGP VPNv4路由查询为例
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#### 第一步:确定顶层命令
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### Step 1: 定方向 - 从顶层开始
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```bash
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MER1#show ?
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```
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输出会列出所有 `show` 开头的命令类别:
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```
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bgp Show BGP information
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ip Show IP information
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mpls Show MPLS information
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isis Show IS-IS routing information
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...
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```
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列出所有 `show` 开头的命令类别。
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#### 第二步:进入子命令层级
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### Step 2: 剥洋葱 - 逐层深入
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```bash
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MER1#show bgp ?
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```
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输出显示BGP相关的地址族:
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```
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ipv4 IPv4 address family
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vpnv4 VPNv4 address family
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evpn Display information about all EVPN NLRIs
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...
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MER1#show bgp ? # BGP相关地址族
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MER1#show bgp vpnv4 ? # VPNv4的单播/组播
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MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast ? # 可用的操作符和参数
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```
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|
||||
#### 第三步:继续深入具体类型
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 ?
|
||||
```
|
||||
输出显示VPNv4的单播/组播分类:
|
||||
```
|
||||
unicast Display information about all VPNv4 NLRIs
|
||||
multicast Display information about all VPNv4 multicast NLRIs
|
||||
flowspec Flow specification address family modifier
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Step 3: 看提示 - 理解元符号
|
||||
关键输出中的特殊标记:
|
||||
- `<cr>` - 可直接回车执行(命令已完整)
|
||||
- `A.B.C.D` - IPv4地址占位符
|
||||
- `X:X::X:X` - IPv6地址占位符
|
||||
- `WORD` - 任意字符串(如VRF名、邻居IP)
|
||||
- `<0-32>` - 数字范围
|
||||
- `|` - 管道符,用于过滤输出
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第四步:查看可用的操作符和参数
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast ?
|
||||
```
|
||||
**关键输出**(这是最有价值的一步):
|
||||
```
|
||||
as Autonomous system
|
||||
community Show route community information
|
||||
dampened-paths Show paths suppressed due to dampening
|
||||
detail Display detailed information about an ip prefix
|
||||
flap Show flap info
|
||||
in Show route information received from all neighbors
|
||||
labels Display BGP labels for prefixes
|
||||
neighbor Detailed information on TCP and BGP neighbor connections
|
||||
network Show route information
|
||||
rd Specify route distinguisher
|
||||
rd-by-vrf Specify route distinguisher by VRF name
|
||||
vrf Display information for a VPN Routing/Forwarding instance
|
||||
| Output modifiers (管道符,用于过滤)
|
||||
> Redirect the output to a file (重定向到文件)
|
||||
<cr> Carriage return (直接回车执行)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第五步:选择VRF相关选项继续探索
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf ?
|
||||
```
|
||||
输出显示可用的VRF实例名称:
|
||||
```
|
||||
5G_MEC VPN Routing/Forwarding instance name
|
||||
IP_RAN VPN Routing/Forwarding instance name
|
||||
test VPN Routing/Forwarding instance name
|
||||
WORD VPN Routing/Forwarding instance name (任意字符串)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第六步:查看VRF下的具体操作
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test ?
|
||||
```
|
||||
最终得到精确命令:
|
||||
```
|
||||
detail Show route detail information
|
||||
export-unicast Export VRF routes to unicast routing table
|
||||
import-unicast Import unicast routes to VRF routing table
|
||||
in Show route information received from all neighbors
|
||||
labels Display BGP labels for prefixes
|
||||
local Display local information of a BGP neighbor
|
||||
neighbor Detailed information on TCP and BGP neighbor connections
|
||||
policy Display information about bgp advertisements under a proposed policy
|
||||
received Display information received from a BGP neighbor
|
||||
route Show route information ← 这就是我们要的!
|
||||
summary Summary of BGP neighbor status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第七步:执行最终命令
|
||||
### Step 4: 试执行 - 验证命令
|
||||
看到 `<cr>` 提示时,说明命令已完整:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route
|
||||
```
|
||||
输出完整的BGP VPNv4路由表:
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 5: 记笔记 - 记录成功路径
|
||||
将验证通过的命令记录下来,形成自己的知识库。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 实战案例
|
||||
|
||||
### 案例1:BGP VPNv4路由查询
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 7层探索路径
|
||||
show bgp ? # ipv4, vpnv4, evpn...
|
||||
-> show bgp vpnv4 ? # unicast, multicast...
|
||||
-> show bgp vpnv4 unicast ? # neighbor, network, rd, vrf...
|
||||
-> show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf ? # VRF实例名
|
||||
-> show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test ? # detail, in, route...
|
||||
-> show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route # 执行
|
||||
```
|
||||
15:21:26 Beijing Mon Jul 20 2026
|
||||
Current AS: 100. Other AS: 64580, 64600, 64900
|
||||
|
||||
Status codes: * valid, > best, i - internal, s - stale
|
||||
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
|
||||
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf RtPrf Path
|
||||
### 案例2:MPLS LDP邻居查询
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show mpls ldp ? # backoff, bindings, discovery, neighbor...
|
||||
-> show mpls ldp neighbor ? # brief, detail, instance...
|
||||
-> show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance ? # <1-65535>
|
||||
-> show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1 # 执行
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 案例3:VRF环境下的Ping
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ping ? # A.B.C.D, vrf, mpls...
|
||||
-> ping vrf ? # VRF实例名
|
||||
-> ping vrf test ? # A.B.C.D, domain
|
||||
-> ping vrf test 4.1.1.1 # 执行
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 实战案例:探索Ping和Trace命令
|
||||
## 高级技巧
|
||||
|
||||
### 案例1:VRF环境下的Ping命令
|
||||
|
||||
#### 探索过程记录
|
||||
### 技巧1:组合管道符过滤
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 第1层:ping后面可以跟什么?
|
||||
MER1#ping ?
|
||||
A.B.C.D Target IP address
|
||||
bier Send BIER echo messages
|
||||
ce Customer edge
|
||||
dcn DCN VRF
|
||||
domain Domain name
|
||||
evpn Send EVPN echo messages
|
||||
mpls Send MPLS echo messages
|
||||
satellite Specify satellite ID
|
||||
vpls VPLS instance
|
||||
vpws Kompella VPWS
|
||||
vrf VPN Routing/Forwarding instance name
|
||||
|
||||
# 第2层:ping vrf后面跟什么?
|
||||
MER1#ping vrf ?
|
||||
5G_MEC VRF name (1-32 characters)
|
||||
5G_OAM VRF name (1-32 characters)
|
||||
IP_RAN VRF name (1-32 characters)
|
||||
test VRF name (1-32 characters)
|
||||
WORD VRF name (1-32 characters)
|
||||
|
||||
# 第3层:ping vrf test后面跟什么?
|
||||
MER1#ping vrf test ?
|
||||
A.B.C.D Target IP address
|
||||
domain Domain name
|
||||
|
||||
# 第4层:执行完整命令
|
||||
MER1#ping vrf test 4.1.1.1
|
||||
sending 5,100-byte ICMP echo(es) to 4.1.1.1,timeout is 2 second(s).
|
||||
.....
|
||||
Success rate is 0 percent(0/5).
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route | include 4.1.1
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast summary | begin Neighbor
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 案例2:探索MPLS LDP邻居查询
|
||||
|
||||
### 技巧2:配置模式同样适用
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 第1层:mpls ldp后面有什么?
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp ?
|
||||
backoff Show LDP session setup backoff table
|
||||
bindings Show the LDP label information base (LIB)
|
||||
discovery Show sources for locally generated LDP discovery hello PDUs
|
||||
graceful-restart Show MPLS LDP GR
|
||||
iccp Show LDP session and ICCP state information
|
||||
igp Show LDP IGP synchronization status
|
||||
instance Show LDP instance information
|
||||
interface Show per-interface LDP forwarding information
|
||||
log Show LDP log info
|
||||
neighbor Show LDP neighbor information ← 目标在这里
|
||||
parameters Show LDP configuration parameters
|
||||
|
||||
# 第2层:neighbor后面有什么?
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp neighbor ?
|
||||
A.B.C.D Neighbor address
|
||||
brief Brief neighbor information ← 要这个简洁版
|
||||
bvi Bvi interface
|
||||
detail Detailed neighbor information
|
||||
graceful-restart The information of LDP graceful restart neighbor
|
||||
instance The information of LDP instance ← 还可以指定实例
|
||||
|
||||
# 第3层:instance后面跟什么?
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance ?
|
||||
<1-65535> LDP instance id
|
||||
|
||||
# 第4层:执行完整命令
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1
|
||||
15:20:54 Beijing Mon Jul 20 2026
|
||||
Codes: D:Direct, T:Targeted, D&T:Direct&Targeted
|
||||
Total number of neigbors:0
|
||||
Operational:0 (D:0,T:0,D&T:0) (IPv4:0,IPv6:0,IPv4&IPv6:0)
|
||||
Not operational:0 (D:0,T:0,D&T:0) (IPv4:0,IPv6:0,IPv4&IPv6:0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 高级技巧:组合使用 `?` 和其他工具
|
||||
|
||||
### 技巧1:利用 `<cr>` 提示判断命令完整性
|
||||
|
||||
当 `?` 输出中包含 `<cr>` 时,表示当前命令已经完整,可以直接执行:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1 ?
|
||||
<cr> ← 看到这个,就知道可以直接回车执行了
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 技巧2:使用管道符 `|` 过滤大量输出
|
||||
|
||||
当某个命令输出太多时,用 `?` 查看可用的过滤选项:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route ?
|
||||
| Output modifiers
|
||||
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route | ?
|
||||
begin Begin with the line that matches
|
||||
count Count the number of lines that match
|
||||
exclude Exclude lines that match
|
||||
include Include lines that match
|
||||
section Print only the section that matches
|
||||
|
||||
# 实际应用:只看包含特定前缀的路由
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route | include 4.1.1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 技巧3:在配置模式下同样适用
|
||||
|
||||
`?` 不仅适用于特权模式(`#`),也适用于配置模式(`(config)#`):
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#configure terminal
|
||||
MER1(config)#router bgp 100
|
||||
MER1(config-bgp-router)#neighbor ?
|
||||
A.B.C.D Neighbor IPv4 address
|
||||
X:X::X:X Neighbor IPv6 address
|
||||
peer-group Name of peer group
|
||||
|
||||
MER1(config-bgp-router)#neighbor 10.26.63.152 ?
|
||||
activate Enable the neighbor
|
||||
advertisement-interval Set minimum interval between sending routing updates
|
||||
allowas-in Allow AS in path
|
||||
...
|
||||
next-hop-self Disable the next hop calculation for this neighbor ← 关键配置!
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 技巧4:识别命令缩写规则
|
||||
|
||||
通过 `?` 可以发现命令的简写形式:
|
||||
### 技巧3:识别命令缩写
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
MER1#sh ?
|
||||
show Show running system information
|
||||
|
||||
MER1#show mpls forw ?
|
||||
forwarding-table Show MPLS forwarding-table information ← forw是forwarding的合法缩写
|
||||
sh ? # show的合法缩写
|
||||
forw ? # forwarding的合法缩写
|
||||
conf t # configure terminal的缩写
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**规律**:只要输入的字母能唯一标识一个命令,就可以缩写。例如:
|
||||
- `show` → `sh`
|
||||
- `forwarding-table` → `forw`
|
||||
- `configuration` → `conf`
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 常见命令树结构对比
|
||||
|
||||
### ZTE vs Huawei vs Cisco
|
||||
|
||||
| 功能 | ZTE (ZXROS) | Huawei (VRP) | Cisco (IOS) |
|
||||
|------|-------------|--------------|-------------|
|
||||
| 查看BGP VPNv4路由 | `show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <name> route` | `display bgp vpnv4 routing-table vpn-instance <name>` | `show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <name>` |
|
||||
| 查看MPLS转发表 | `show mpls forwarding-table` | `display mpls lsp` | `show mpls forwarding-table` |
|
||||
| 查看LDP邻居 | `show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1` | `display mpls ldp session` | `show mpls ldp neighbor` |
|
||||
| Ping VRF内地址 | `ping vrf <name> <ip>` | `ping -vpn-instance <name> <ip>` | `ping vrf <name> <ip>` |
|
||||
|
||||
**结论**:虽然命令相似,但细节有差异。**必须针对每种设备单独探索**。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 错误处理与注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
### 注意1:命令前缀限制
|
||||
|
||||
某些平台可能限制特定命令的使用:
|
||||
### 技巧4:区分错误类型
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 如果收到 "command_not_allowed_prefix" 错误
|
||||
MER1#trace vrf test 4.1.1.1
|
||||
%Error: command_not_allowed_prefix
|
||||
```
|
||||
**原因**:`trace` 命令可能被netx等平台限制。此时应尝试:
|
||||
- 改用完整路径 `traceroute`
|
||||
- 检查权限级别
|
||||
- 使用替代命令(如通过ping逐跳测试)
|
||||
|
||||
### 注意2:区分"不完整命令"和"无匹配"
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 不完整命令(Incomplete command)- 说明方向对,继续用?探索
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test
|
||||
# Incomplete command - 命令不完整,继续用?探索
|
||||
%Error 140305: Incomplete command.
|
||||
|
||||
# 无匹配(Unrecognized command)- 说明走错路了,退回上一层
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test xyz
|
||||
%Error: Unrecognized command.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 注意3:空格敏感性
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 正确:每个层级之间有空格
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1
|
||||
|
||||
# 错误:连在一起会当成一个单词
|
||||
MER1#show mplsldpneighborbriefinstance1
|
||||
# Unrecognized command - 走错路了,退回上一层
|
||||
%Error: Unrecognized command.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 练习:自主探索以下命令
|
||||
## 常见命令树深度对比
|
||||
|
||||
请用 `?` 方法探索下列命令的完整语法(答案不唯一):
|
||||
| 功能 | ZTE (ZXROS) | 深度 |
|
||||
|------|-------------|------|
|
||||
| BGP VPNv4路由 | `show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <name> route` | 7层 |
|
||||
| MPLS LDP邻居 | `show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id>` | 6层 |
|
||||
| ISIS邻接 | `show isis adjacency` | 3层 |
|
||||
| Ping VRF | `ping vrf <name> <ip>` | 4层 |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 快速参考卡片
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 通用模板
|
||||
<command> ? # 查看下一级
|
||||
<command> <subcommand> ? # 继续深入
|
||||
...
|
||||
<full-command> <cr> # 执行
|
||||
|
||||
# 元符号速查
|
||||
<cr> - 直接回车执行
|
||||
WORD - 任意字符串
|
||||
A.B.C.D - IPv4地址
|
||||
X:X::X:X - IPv6地址
|
||||
<1-65535> - 数字范围
|
||||
| - 管道符(begin/include/exclude/count)
|
||||
> - 重定向到文件
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 练习任务
|
||||
|
||||
用 `?` 方法探索以下命令:
|
||||
1. 查看ISIS邻接关系
|
||||
2. 查看OSPF邻居详细信息
|
||||
3. 查看VRF IP_RAN的路由表
|
||||
4. 查看MPLS标签绑定信息
|
||||
5. 查看BGP从邻居10.26.63.152收到的路由
|
||||
|
||||
**参考答案**(实际以设备为准):
|
||||
**参考答案**:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 1. ISIS邻接
|
||||
MER1#show isis adjacency
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. OSPF邻居详细
|
||||
MER1#show ip ospf neighbor detail
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. VRF IP_RAN路由
|
||||
MER1#show ip forwarding route vrf IP_RAN
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. MPLS标签绑定
|
||||
MER1#show mpls ldp bindings
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. BGP从邻居收到的路由
|
||||
MER1#show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test received 10.26.63.152
|
||||
show isis adjacency
|
||||
show ip ospf neighbor detail
|
||||
show ip forwarding route vrf IP_RAN
|
||||
show mpls ldp bindings
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test received 10.26.63.152
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 总结:命令探索五步法
|
||||
|
||||
1. **定方向**:从最顶层开始(`show ?`, `ping ?`, `configure ?`)
|
||||
2. **剥洋葱**:每层用 `?` 查看下一级选项,选择最相关的分支
|
||||
3. **看提示**:注意 `<cr>`、`WORD`、`A.B.C.D` 等元提示
|
||||
4. **试执行**:看到 `<cr>` 就执行,观察输出验证猜测
|
||||
5. **记笔记**:把成功的命令路径记录下来(就像本文档做的)
|
||||
|
||||
**终极心法**:不要怕敲错,`?` 永远不会嘲笑你。每个网络专家都是从不停地敲 `?` 开始的。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 附录:快速参考卡片
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 通用探索模板
|
||||
<command> ? # 查看下一级选项
|
||||
<command> <subcommand> ? # 继续深入
|
||||
...
|
||||
<full-command> <cr> # 看到<cr>就可以执行
|
||||
|
||||
# 特殊符号含义
|
||||
<cr> - 可以直接回车执行
|
||||
WORD - 任意字符串(通常是名字、ID等)
|
||||
A.B.C.D - IPv4地址格式
|
||||
X:X::X:X - IPv6地址格式
|
||||
<1-65535> - 数字范围
|
||||
| - 管道符,用于过滤输出
|
||||
> - 重定向到文件
|
||||
|
||||
# 经典命令树深度
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <name> route # 7层
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id> # 6层
|
||||
ping vrf <name> <ip> # 4层
|
||||
configure terminal # 2层
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**文档版本**:v1.0
|
||||
**最后更新**:2026-07-20
|
||||
**维护者**:基于真实设备(MER1)验证
|
||||
**文档版本**:v2.0(精简版)
|
||||
**最后更新**:2026-07-29
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,63 +1,273 @@
|
|||
# 故障处理常用命令目录集(ZTE ZXROS)
|
||||
|
||||
> **设备**:MER1 @ 10.229.234.136 (ZXCTN 9000-3EA, V5.00.10.70)
|
||||
> **更新时间**:2026-07-22
|
||||
> **验证状态**:✅ 已验证 / ❌ 错误命令(已删除)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 一、BGP相关命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.1 BGP IPv4单播
|
||||
### 1.1 BGP地址族总览
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast # BGP IPv4单播路由表
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast summary # BGP IPv4摘要信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor # BGP IPv4邻居信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor <ip-address> # 指定邻居的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp ? # BGP支持的地址族
|
||||
all All address families
|
||||
bmp BGP Monitoring Protocol
|
||||
evpn Display information about all EVPN NLRIs
|
||||
ipv4 IPv4 address family
|
||||
ipv6 IPv6 address family
|
||||
l2vpn L2VPN address family
|
||||
link-state Link-state address family
|
||||
remote BGP remote prefix-sid
|
||||
rpki-rtr RPKI-RTR Protocol
|
||||
sr-epe Show information for egress peer engineering
|
||||
srv6-epe Show information for SRv6 egress peer engineering
|
||||
urpf-id-array BGP urpf-id array
|
||||
vpnv4 VPNv4 address family
|
||||
vpnv6 VPNv6 address family
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.2 BGP VPNv4
|
||||
### 1.2 BGP IPv4单播
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast # VPNv4 BGP路由表(所有VRF)
|
||||
# 基本命令
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast summary # BGP IPv4 邻居状态摘要信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
|
||||
# 按条件查询路由
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast detail A.B.C.D <0-32> # BGP IPv4路由详细信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast network A.B.C.D # BGP IPv4路由信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast # ipv4 bgp全量路由表信息(慎用)
|
||||
|
||||
# 按来源/目的地查询
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast in detail A.B.C.D <0-32> # 接收路由的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 策略和更新组
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.3 BGP IPv6单播
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 基本命令
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast summary # BGP IPv6摘要信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor <ipv6-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 按条件查询路由
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast detail X:X::X:X/<0-128> # BGP IPv6路由详细信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast # ipv6 bgp全量路由表信息(慎用)
|
||||
|
||||
# 按来源/目的地查询
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast in detail X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 接收路由的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 策略和更新组
|
||||
show bgp ipv6 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.4 BGP VPNv4
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 基本命令
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast summary # VPNv4 BGP摘要
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor # VPNv4邻居信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# VRF路由查询
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route # 指定VRF的VPNv4路由表
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> # 指定VRF的VPNv4路由(Incomplete command,需要加route)
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd <rd-value> route # 通过RD查询VPNv4路由
|
||||
|
||||
# 按条件查询路由
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast detail <rd> A.B.C.D <0-32> # VPNv4路由详细信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast network A.B.C.D # VPNv4路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast # VPNv4全量路由表信息(慎用)
|
||||
|
||||
# 按来源/目的地查询
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast in detail <rd> A.B.C.D <0-32> # 接收路由的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # vrf邻居收方向路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # vrf邻居发方向路由信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 策略和更新组
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.3 BGP配置查看
|
||||
### 1.5 BGP VPNv6
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show running-config bgp # BGP运行配置
|
||||
show running-config router bgp <as-number> # BGP进程配置
|
||||
# 基本命令
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast summary # VPNv6 BGP摘要
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor # VPNv6邻居信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor <ipv6-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# VRF路由查询
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route # 指定VRF的VPNv6路由表
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast rd <rd-value> route # 通过RD查询VPNv6路由
|
||||
|
||||
# 按条件查询路由
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast detail <rd> X:X::X:X/<0-128> # VPNv6路由详细信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast network X:X::X:X # VPNv6路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast # VPNv6全量路由表信息(慎用)
|
||||
|
||||
# 按来源/目的地查询
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast in detail <rd-value> X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 接收路由的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 策略和更新组
|
||||
show bgp vpnv6 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.4 BGP IPv4单播详细
|
||||
### 1.6 BGP L2VPN EVPN
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor # BGP IPv4邻居信息
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor <ip-address> # 指定邻居的详细信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 基本命令
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn summary # EVPN摘要信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor # EVPN邻居信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# EVPN路由类型
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn ethernet-ad # Ethernet Auto-discovery路由
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn ethernet-segment # Ethernet Segment路由
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn mac # MAC/IP Advertisement路由
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn ip-prefix neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # IP Prefix路由
|
||||
|
||||
# 按条件查询路由
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn detail <rd> <prefix> # EVPN路由详细信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn network <prefix> # EVPN路由信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn # EVPN全量路由表信息(慎用)
|
||||
|
||||
# 按来源/目的地查询
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn in detail <rd> <prefix> # 接收路由的详细信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn in route # 接收路由的简要信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 策略和更新组
|
||||
show bgp l2vpn evpn update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 二、IGP相关命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 IS-IS
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# IS-IS进程和概要信息
|
||||
show isis process # IS-IS进程详细信息
|
||||
show isis process process-id <process-id> # 指定进程的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS邻接关系
|
||||
show isis adjacency # IS-IS邻接关系
|
||||
show isis database # IS-IS链路状态数据库
|
||||
show isis adjacency summary # IS-IS邻接摘要(按进程显示)
|
||||
show isis adjacency level-1 # Level-1邻接关系
|
||||
show isis adjacency level-2 # Level-2邻接关系
|
||||
show isis adjacency interface <interface> # 指定接口的邻接
|
||||
show isis adjacency log # IS-IS邻接变化日志
|
||||
show isis adjacency establish-failure log # IS-IS邻接建立失败日志
|
||||
show isis adjacency up-time level-1 # Level-1邻接保持时间
|
||||
show isis adjacency up-time level-2 # Level-2邻接保持时间
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS链路状态数据库
|
||||
show isis database # IS-IS链路状态数据库摘要
|
||||
show isis database detail # IS-IS数据库详细信息
|
||||
show isis database level-1 # Level-1数据库
|
||||
show isis database level-2 # Level-2数据库
|
||||
show isis database level-1 detail # Level-1数据库详细
|
||||
show isis database level-2 detail # Level-2数据库详细
|
||||
show isis database <lsp-id> # 查看特定LSP
|
||||
show isis database <lsp-id> detail # 查看特定LSP详细信息
|
||||
show isis database log # IS-IS数据库日志
|
||||
show isis database purge statistics detail # IS-IS数据库清除统计
|
||||
show isis database verbose # IS-IS数据库详尽信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS电路(接口)信息
|
||||
show isis circuits # IS-IS电路信息
|
||||
show isis circuits summary # IS-IS电路摘要
|
||||
show isis circuits detail # IS-IS电路详细信息
|
||||
show isis circuits interface <interface> # 指定接口的电路信息
|
||||
show isis circuits no-adjacency # 没有邻接的IS-IS电路
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS动态主机名
|
||||
show isis hostname # IS-IS动态主机名映射
|
||||
show isis circuit # IS-IS电路信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS路由信息(IPv4)
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route # IS-IS IPv4路由表
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route all # IS-IS所有IPv4路由(包括不可达)
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route summary # IS-IS IPv4路由汇总
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route detail # IS-IS IPv4路由详细信息
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route level-1 # Level-1 IPv4路由
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route level-2 # Level-2 IPv4路由
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route A.B.C.D # 查询特定IPv4路由
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route flex-algorithm <algo-id> # 灵活算法路由
|
||||
show isis ipv4 route strict-spf # 严格SPF路由
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS路由信息(IPv6)
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route # IS-IS IPv6路由表
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route all # IS-IS所有IPv6路由(包括不可达)
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route summary # IS-IS IPv6路由汇总
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route detail # IS-IS IPv6路由详细信息
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route level-1 # Level-1 IPv6路由
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route level-2 # Level-2 IPv6路由
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route X:X::X:X # 查询特定IPv6路由
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 查询特定IPv6前缀
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route flex-algorithm <algo-id> # 灵活算法IPv6路由
|
||||
show isis ipv6 route strict-spf # 严格SPF IPv6路由
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS拓扑路径
|
||||
show isis topology # IS-IS拓扑路径
|
||||
show isis topology detail # IS-IS拓扑详细信息
|
||||
show isis topology level-1 # Level-1拓扑路径
|
||||
show isis topology level-2 # Level-2拓扑路径
|
||||
show isis topology <process-id> # 到特定进程的拓扑路径
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS快速重路由
|
||||
show isis fast-reroute-topology lfa # IS-IS LFA快速重路由路径
|
||||
show isis fast-reroute-topology remote-lfa # IS-IS Remote-LFA路径
|
||||
show isis fast-reroute-topology ti-lfa # IS-IS TI-LFA路径
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS Segment Routing
|
||||
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map # IS-IS SR前缀SID映射
|
||||
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map ipv4 # IPv4前缀SID映射
|
||||
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map ipv6 # IPv6前缀SID映射
|
||||
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map detail # SR前缀SID映射详细信息
|
||||
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map conflict # SR前缀SID冲突信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS MPLS流量工程
|
||||
show isis mpls traffic-eng tunnel # IS-IS MPLS TE隧道信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS BIER信息
|
||||
show isis bier topology brief sub-domain <sub-domain-identifier> # IS-IS BIER拓扑路径
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS Mesh Groups
|
||||
show isis mesh-groups blocked # IS-IS阻塞的mesh组
|
||||
show isis mesh-groups group # IS-IS mesh组分发信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS NSR/NSF信息
|
||||
show isis nsf # IS-IS NSF状态信息
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS备份路由
|
||||
show isis ipv4 backup route # IS-IS IPv4备份路由
|
||||
show isis ipv6 backup route # IS-IS IPv6备份路由
|
||||
|
||||
# IS-IS配置查看
|
||||
show running-config isis # IS-IS运行配置
|
||||
show running-config isis all # IS-IS所有配置(包含默认缺省配置)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 OSPF
|
||||
### 2.2 OSPF(IPv4)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show ip ospf neighbor # OSPF邻居关系
|
||||
show ip ospf interface brief # OSPF接口简要信息
|
||||
show ip ospf interface # OSPF接口详细信息
|
||||
show ip ospf database # OSPF链路状态数据库
|
||||
show ip ospf database router-link # OSPF Type-1 LSA(Router LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database router # OSPF Type-1 LSA(Router LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database network # OSPF Type-2 LSA(Network LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database summary # OSPF Type-3 LSA(Summary LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database asbr # OSPF Type-4 LSA(ASBR Summary LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database asbr-summary # OSPF Type-4 LSA(ASBR Summary LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database external # OSPF Type-5 LSA(External LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database nssa # OSPF Type-7 LSA(NSSA External LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database self-originate # OSPF自生成的LSA
|
||||
|
|
@ -65,53 +275,136 @@ show ip ospf border-routers # OSPF边界路由器信息
|
|||
show ip ospf virtual-links # OSPF虚链路信息
|
||||
show ip ospf # OSPF进程概要信息
|
||||
show ip ospf route # OSPF路由表(按进程显示)
|
||||
|
||||
show running-config ospfv2 # OSPFv2运行配置
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3 OSPFv3(IPv6)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# OSPFv3进程概要
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf # 所有OSPFv3进程概要信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf <1-16777215> # 指定进程的详细信息(如:show ipv6 ospf 100)
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3邻居
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf neighbor # OSPFv3邻居列表
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf neighbor detail # OSPFv3邻居详细信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf neighbor summary # OSPFv3邻居摘要
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf neighbor log # OSPFv3邻居日志
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf neighbor A.B.C.D # 指定邻居ID的详细信息
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3接口
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf interface # OSPFv3接口状态和配置
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf interface <interface-type> # 指定类型接口的OSPFv3信息
|
||||
bvi BVI接口
|
||||
flexe_channel FlexE通道接口
|
||||
gre_tunnel GRE隧道接口
|
||||
irb IRB接口
|
||||
lgei- 万兆以太网接口
|
||||
loopback Loopback接口
|
||||
smartgroup Smartgroup接口
|
||||
vlan VLAN接口
|
||||
vei VEI接口
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3数据库
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database # OSPFv3数据库摘要
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database router # Router-LSA(Type-1)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database network # Network-LSA(Type-2)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database inter-prefix # Inter-Prefix-LSA(Type-3)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database inter-router # Inter-Router-LSA(Type-4)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database intra-prefix # Intra-Prefix-LSA(Type-9)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database link # Link-LSA(Type-8)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database external # AS-external-LSA(Type-5/Type-7)
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database nssa # NSSA Type-7 LSA
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database intra-te # Intra-Area-TE-LSA
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database router-info # Router-Information-Opaque-LSA
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database srv6-locator # SRv6-Locator-LSA
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database extended # 扩展LSA类型
|
||||
external Extended-AS-External-LSA
|
||||
inter-prefix Extended-Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
|
||||
intra-prefix Extended-Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA
|
||||
router Extended-Router-LSA
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3数据库高级选项
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database <lsa-type> adv-router # 查看特定通告路由器的LSA
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf database <lsa-type> process <pid> # 查看指定进程的LSA
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3路由
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf route # OSPFv3路由表
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf route detail # OSPFv3路由详细信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf route summary # OSPFv3路由汇总统计
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf route adv-router <router-id> # 查看特定通告路由器的路由
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf route network <ipv6-address> # 查看特定网络的路由
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3虚链路
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf virtual-links # OSPFv3虚链路信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf virtual-links process <pid> # 指定进程的虚链路
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3顶点信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf vertex # OSPFv3顶点信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf vertex backup # 备份顶点信息
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf vertex log # 顶点日志
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf vertex process <pid> # 指定进程的顶点信息
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3统计
|
||||
show ipv6 ospf statistics interface <if-name> # OSPFv3接口统计信息
|
||||
|
||||
# OSPFv3配置查看
|
||||
show running-config ospfv3 # OSPFv3运行配置
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 三、MPLS/LDP相关命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 MPLS转发
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table # MPLS标签转发表
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table <next-hop-ip> # 特定下一跳的标签转发表
|
||||
```
|
||||
### 3.1 MPLS
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 LDP会话和绑定
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#MPLS转发
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table # MPLS标签转发表
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table <A.B.C.D/ X:X::X:X> # Destination IPv4/IPv6 prefix标签转发表
|
||||
|
||||
#LDP会话和绑定
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id> # LDP邻居简要信息(必须指定instance!)
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor instance <id> # LDP邻居详细信息
|
||||
show mpls ldp parameters instance <id> # LDP参数配置
|
||||
show mpls ldp binding instance <id> # LDP标签绑定信息(全局)
|
||||
show mpls ldp discovery instance <id> # LDP发现信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.3 LDP配置
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# LDP配置
|
||||
show running-config ldp # LDP运行配置
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 四、VRF相关命令
|
||||
## 四、ping/trace相关命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 VRF路由
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf-name> # VRF路由表
|
||||
show ip route vpn # 查看所有VPN路由
|
||||
```
|
||||
### 4.1 业务测试
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 VRF业务测试
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ping <dest-ip> # Ping全局地址
|
||||
ping <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip Ping全局地址
|
||||
ping6 <dest-ipv6> # Ping v6地址
|
||||
ping6 <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> # 指定本地源ipv6 Ping v6地址
|
||||
ping vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> # Ping测VRF内地址
|
||||
ping vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip Ping测VRF内地址
|
||||
ping6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> # Ping测VRF ipc6内地址
|
||||
ping6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> #指定本地源ipv6 Ping测VRF ipc6内地址
|
||||
trace <ip> # trace 路径
|
||||
trace <ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip trace 路径
|
||||
trace vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> # trace vrf内ip路径
|
||||
trace vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip trace vrf内ip路径
|
||||
trace6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> # trace vrf内ipv6路径
|
||||
trace6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> # 指定本地源ipv6 trace vrf内ipv6路径
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 五、隧道相关命令
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 暂无已验证的隧道查询命令
|
||||
show mpls traffic-eng tunnels brief # 查看
|
||||
show mpls traffic-eng tunnels te_tunnel <Tunnel_ID> # 查看本端设备te隧道详细情况
|
||||
show mpls traffic-eng interface brief # TE接口的状态
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
@ -119,19 +412,38 @@ ping vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> # Ping测VRF内地址
|
|||
## 六、接口和路由基础命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 接口状态
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show interface brief # 接口简要信息
|
||||
show ip interface brief # IP接口简要信息
|
||||
show intf-statistics utilization # 接口利用率
|
||||
show intf-statistics utilization phy-interface-only # 仅查看物理口利用率
|
||||
show interface description # 查看端口状态以及描述(可通过描述判断业务、互联设备信息)
|
||||
show opticalinfo brief # 查看端口收发情况
|
||||
show opticalinfo <phy-interface> # 查看物理口收发光信息
|
||||
show interface <interface> # 查看接口详细信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 全局路由
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show ip forwarding route # 全局IPv4路由表
|
||||
show ip forwarding route # 全局全量IPv4路由表(慎用)
|
||||
show ip forwarding route <ipv4-address> # 查询某ip路由表(优先)
|
||||
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf> # 查询某vrf IPv4路由表(慎用)
|
||||
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf> <ip-address> # 查询某vrf 某ip IPv4路由表(优先)
|
||||
show ipv6 forwarding route # 全局全量IPv6路由表(慎用)
|
||||
show ipv6 forwarding route <ipv6-address> # 全局某IPv6路由表(优先)
|
||||
show ipv6 forwarding route vrf <vrf> # 查询某vrf IPv6路由表(慎用)
|
||||
show ipv6 forwarding route vrf <vrf> <ip-address> # 查询某vrf 某ip IPv6路由表(优先)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.3 ARP/MAC
|
||||
### 6.3 ND/ARP/MAC
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show arp # ARP表
|
||||
show arp # 全局ARP表
|
||||
show arp vrf <vrf> # vrf arp表信息
|
||||
show nd6 cache # 全量nd信息
|
||||
show nd6 cache <interface> # 某接口nd信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
@ -139,109 +451,109 @@ show arp # ARP表
|
|||
## 七、系统基础命令
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 系统信息
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show version # 版本信息
|
||||
show running-config # 当前运行配置
|
||||
show card-state brief # 单板状态
|
||||
show fan # 风扇信息
|
||||
show power # 电源信息
|
||||
show temperature environment-threshold # 温度信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 配置信息
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show running-config # 当前运行配置 范围太广尽量少用或不用,优先使用单模块查找
|
||||
show running-config <module> # 通过模块查询具体配置,可以通过`show running-config ?`查看有什么模块
|
||||
show running-config-interface <interface> # 查看某端口具体配置
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.3 告警信息
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show alarm current brief # 当前告警信息
|
||||
show alarm current typeid <module> # 通过模块查询当前告警,可以通过`show alarm current typeid ?`查看有什么模块
|
||||
show alarm history # 查看历史告警(主要用于回溯)
|
||||
show alarm history typeid <module> # 通过模块查询历史告警,可以通过`show alarm history typeid ?`查看有什么模块
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.4 lldp邻居信息
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show lldp neighbor brief | one-line # 查看lldp邻居信息
|
||||
show lldp neighbor interface <phy-interface> # 查看接口lldp邻居信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 八、快速排障组合
|
||||
## 八、命令语法说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.1 BGP跨域故障(已验证组合)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 第零层:业务测试
|
||||
ping vrf test 4.1.1.1 # 1. Ping测业务连通性
|
||||
### 8.1 重要注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
# 第一层:VRF路由检查
|
||||
show ip forwarding route vrf test # 2. 检查VRF路由表
|
||||
|
||||
# 第二层:MPLS标签检查
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table <next-hop> # 3. 检查MPLS标签转发表
|
||||
show mpls forwarding-table <specific-ip> # 4. 检查特定目的地的标签
|
||||
|
||||
# 第三层:LDP会话检查
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance 1 # 5. 检查LDP邻居状态
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor instance 1 # 6. 检查LDP邻居详细信息
|
||||
show mpls ldp binding instance 1 # 7. 检查LDP标签绑定
|
||||
show mpls ldp parameters instance 1 # 8. 检查LDP参数配置
|
||||
show mpls ldp discovery instance 1 # 9. 检查LDP发现信息
|
||||
|
||||
# 第四层:BGP路由检查
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf test route # 10. 检查BGP VPNv4路由
|
||||
show bgp vpnv4 unicast summary # 11. 检查BGP VPNv4摘要
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast summary # 12. 检查BGP IPv4摘要
|
||||
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor # 13. 检查BGP IPv4邻居
|
||||
|
||||
# 第五层:IGP邻接检查
|
||||
show ip ospf neighbor # 14. 检查OSPF邻居
|
||||
show isis adjacency # 15. 检查IS-IS邻接
|
||||
show ip ospf interface brief # 16. 检查OSPF接口状态
|
||||
show isis database # 17. 检查IS-IS数据库
|
||||
show isis circuit # 18. 检查IS-IS电路
|
||||
|
||||
# 第六层:基础路由检查
|
||||
show ip forwarding route # 19. 检查全局路由表
|
||||
show ip interface brief # 20. 检查IP接口状态
|
||||
show arp # 21. 检查ARP表
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.2 OSPF详细排障
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show ip ospf # OSPF进程总览
|
||||
show ip ospf interface # OSPF接口详细信息
|
||||
show ip ospf database # OSPF LSDB
|
||||
show ip ospf database router-link # OSPF Type-1 LSA(Router LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database network # OSPF Type-2 LSA(Network LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database summary # OSPF Type-3 LSA(Summary LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database asbr # OSPF Type-4 LSA(ASBR Summary LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database external # OSPF Type-5 LSA(External LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database nssa # OSPF Type-7 LSA(NSSA External LSA)
|
||||
show ip ospf database self-originate # OSPF自生成LSA
|
||||
show ip ospf border-routers # OSPF边界路由器
|
||||
show ip ospf virtual-links # OSPF虚链路
|
||||
show ip ospf route # OSPF路由表(按进程显示)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.3 IS-IS详细排障
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show isis adjacency # IS-IS邻接
|
||||
show isis database # IS-IS LSDB
|
||||
show isis hostname # IS-IS动态主机名映射
|
||||
show isis circuit # IS-IS电路信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.4 LDP详细排障
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id> # LDP邻居简要信息
|
||||
show mpls ldp neighbor instance <id> # LDP邻居详细信息
|
||||
show mpls ldp parameters instance <id> # LDP参数配置
|
||||
show mpls ldp binding instance <id> # LDP标签绑定
|
||||
show mpls ldp discovery instance <id> # LDP发现信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 九、命令语法说明
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.1 重要注意事项
|
||||
1. **LDP命令必须指定instance**:`show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id>` ✅
|
||||
|
||||
- `show mpls ldp neighbor brief` ❌ Incomplete command
|
||||
|
||||
2. **BGP VPNv4路由查询**:`show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route` ✅
|
||||
|
||||
- `show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd-by-vrf <vrf-name>` ❌ Incomplete command
|
||||
- `show bgp ipv4 unicast route` ❌ Ambiguous command
|
||||
|
||||
3. **VRF路由查询**:`show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf-name>` ✅
|
||||
|
||||
- `show ip route vrf <vrf-name>` ❌ Invalid input
|
||||
- `show ipv4 route vrf <vrf-name>` ❌ Invalid input
|
||||
4. **OSPFv3命令特点**:
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.2 特殊字符限制
|
||||
netx平台限制了管道符等特殊字符的使用,建议分步执行命令。
|
||||
- OSPFv3使用`show ipv6 ospf`前缀,而不是`show ip ospf`
|
||||
- OSPFv3数据库LSA类型与OSPFv2不同:Type-1/2/3/4/5对应router/network/inter-prefix/inter-router/external
|
||||
- OSPFv3新增Type-7(Link-LSA)、Type-8(Intra-Prefix-LSA)等IPv6特有LSA
|
||||
- OSPFv3支持SRv6 Locator LSA(`show ipv6 ospf database srv6-locator`)
|
||||
- OSPFv3请求列表和重传列表需要指定邻居或接口参数
|
||||
5. **IS-IS命令特点**:
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
- IS-IS支持多进程:设备上有多个IS-IS进程实例(如进程0、1、5、44、101等)
|
||||
- Level分离:大多数命令支持`level-1`和`level-2`选项,分别查看L1/L2信息
|
||||
- IPv4/IPv6分离:路由查询使用`show isis ipv4 route`和`show isis ipv6 route`
|
||||
- LSP标识符格式:`system-id.xx-xx*`(如MER1.00-00*)
|
||||
- 灵活算法支持:`flex-algorithm`参数用于查看特定算法的路由
|
||||
- Segment Routing集成:通过`show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map`查看SR映射
|
||||
- 快速重路由:支持LFA、Remote-LFA、TI-LFA三种保护方式
|
||||
6. **BGP命令特点**:
|
||||
|
||||
**文档维护**:
|
||||
- 最后更新:2026-07-22
|
||||
- 验证设备:MER1 @ 10.229.234.136
|
||||
- 关联文档:`命令探索方法论.md`、`BGP跨域排障命令速查.md`
|
||||
- BGP支持多种地址族:IPv4/IPv6单播、VPNv4/VPNv6、EVPN、Link-State等
|
||||
- BGP IPv4/IPv6命令结构相似,都支持summary、neighbor、detail、community等子命令
|
||||
- BGP VPNv4/VPNv6需要通过`vrf <vrf-name>`或`rd <rd-value>`来指定VRF
|
||||
- EVPN支持多种NLRI类型:ethernet-ad、mac、ip-prefix、inclusive-multicast等
|
||||
- Link-State按protocol和type分类,可以查看ISIS/OSPF/BGP等协议的链路状态信息
|
||||
- BMP用于监控BGP会话和路由,支持monitor-peer和monitor-route
|
||||
- SR-EPE和SRv6-EPE用于出向peer工程,支持按AS查询
|
||||
- RPKI-RTR提供路由源验证功能,支持valid/invalid/not-found状态查询
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.2 参数占位符说明
|
||||
|
||||
文档中使用以下占位符表示需要替换的参数:
|
||||
|
||||
- `<ipv4-address>` - IPv4地址,如`192.168.1.1`
|
||||
- `<ipv6-address>` - IPv6地址,如`2001:db8::1`
|
||||
- `<as-number>` - AS号码,如`65001`
|
||||
- `<vrf-name>` - VRF名称,如`vpn1`
|
||||
- `<rd-value>` - RD值,如`65001:100`
|
||||
- `<interface>` - 接口名称,如`gei_1/1`或`loopback1`
|
||||
- `<process-id>` - 进程ID,如`isis 100`中的`100`
|
||||
- `<lsp-id>` - LSP标识符,如`MER1.00-00*`
|
||||
- `<system-id>` - IS-IS系统ID,如`1`
|
||||
- `<regex>` - 正则表达式,用于匹配AS路径
|
||||
- `<community>` - BGP团体号,如`65001:100`
|
||||
- `<route-map>` - 路由图名称
|
||||
- `<ug-index>` - 更新组索引号
|
||||
- `<name>` - 名称标识符
|
||||
- `<prefix>` - 网络前缀
|
||||
- `<mac-address>` - MAC地址,如`00:11:22:33:44:55`
|
||||
- `<index-value>` - 索引值
|
||||
- `<neighbor>` - 邻居IP地址
|
||||
- `<algo-id>` - 灵活算法ID
|
||||
|
||||
### 8.3 特殊限制
|
||||
|
||||
netx平台对命令数量有限制,可以多次采集
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue