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故障处理常用命令目录集(ZTE ZXROS)
一、BGP相关命令
1.1 BGP地址族总览
show bgp ? # BGP支持的地址族
all All address families
bmp BGP Monitoring Protocol
evpn Display information about all EVPN NLRIs
ipv4 IPv4 address family
ipv6 IPv6 address family
l2vpn L2VPN address family
link-state Link-state address family
remote BGP remote prefix-sid
rpki-rtr RPKI-RTR Protocol
sr-epe Show information for egress peer engineering
srv6-epe Show information for SRv6 egress peer engineering
urpf-id-array BGP urpf-id array
vpnv4 VPNv4 address family
vpnv6 VPNv6 address family
1.2 BGP IPv4单播
# 基本命令
show bgp ipv4 unicast summary # BGP IPv4 邻居状态摘要信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
# 按条件查询路由
show bgp ipv4 unicast detail A.B.C.D <0-32> # BGP IPv4路由详细信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast network A.B.C.D # BGP IPv4路由信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast # ipv4 bgp全量路由表信息(慎用)
# 按来源/目的地查询
show bgp ipv4 unicast in detail A.B.C.D <0-32> # 接收路由的详细信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
show bgp ipv4 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
# 策略和更新组
show bgp ipv4 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
1.3 BGP IPv6单播
# 基本命令
show bgp ipv6 unicast summary # BGP IPv6摘要信息
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor <ipv6-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
# 按条件查询路由
show bgp ipv6 unicast detail X:X::X:X/<0-128> # BGP IPv6路由详细信息
show bgp ipv6 unicast # ipv6 bgp全量路由表信息(慎用)
# 按来源/目的地查询
show bgp ipv6 unicast in detail X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 接收路由的详细信息
show bgp ipv6 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
show bgp ipv6 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
# 策略和更新组
show bgp ipv6 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
1.4 BGP VPNv4
# 基本命令
show bgp vpnv4 unicast summary # VPNv4 BGP摘要
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor # VPNv4邻居信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
# VRF路由查询
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route # 指定VRF的VPNv4路由表
show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd <rd-value> route # 通过RD查询VPNv4路由
# 按条件查询路由
show bgp vpnv4 unicast detail <rd> A.B.C.D <0-32> # VPNv4路由详细信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast network A.B.C.D # VPNv4路由信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast # VPNv4全量路由表信息(慎用)
# 按来源/目的地查询
show bgp vpnv4 unicast in detail <rd> A.B.C.D <0-32> # 接收路由的详细信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # vrf邻居收方向路由信息
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # vrf邻居发方向路由信息
# 策略和更新组
show bgp vpnv4 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
1.5 BGP VPNv6
# 基本命令
show bgp vpnv6 unicast summary # VPNv6 BGP摘要
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor # VPNv6邻居信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor <ipv6-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
# VRF路由查询
show bgp vpnv6 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route # 指定VRF的VPNv6路由表
show bgp vpnv6 unicast rd <rd-value> route # 通过RD查询VPNv6路由
# 按条件查询路由
show bgp vpnv6 unicast detail <rd> X:X::X:X/<0-128> # VPNv6路由详细信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast network X:X::X:X # VPNv6路由信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast # VPNv6全量路由表信息(慎用)
# 按来源/目的地查询
show bgp vpnv6 unicast in detail <rd-value> X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 接收路由的详细信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast in route # 接收路由的简要信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
show bgp vpnv6 unicast neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
# 策略和更新组
show bgp vpnv6 unicast update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
1.6 BGP L2VPN EVPN
# 基本命令
show bgp l2vpn evpn summary # EVPN摘要信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor # EVPN邻居信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor <ipv4-address> # 查询特定BGP邻居的详细信息
# EVPN路由类型
show bgp l2vpn evpn ethernet-ad # Ethernet Auto-discovery路由
show bgp l2vpn evpn ethernet-segment # Ethernet Segment路由
show bgp l2vpn evpn mac # MAC/IP Advertisement路由
show bgp l2vpn evpn ip-prefix neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # IP Prefix路由
# 按条件查询路由
show bgp l2vpn evpn detail <rd> <prefix> # EVPN路由详细信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn network <prefix> # EVPN路由信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn # EVPN全量路由表信息(慎用)
# 按来源/目的地查询
show bgp l2vpn evpn in detail <rd> <prefix> # 接收路由的详细信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn in route # 接收路由的简要信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor in <neighbor-ip> # 从邻居接收方向获取的路由信息
show bgp l2vpn evpn neighbor out <neighbor-ip> # 向邻居发送的路由信息
# 策略和更新组
show bgp l2vpn evpn update-group <ug-index> # 更新组信息
二、IGP相关命令
2.1 IS-IS
# IS-IS进程和概要信息
show isis process # IS-IS进程详细信息
show isis process process-id <process-id> # 指定进程的详细信息
# IS-IS邻接关系
show isis adjacency # IS-IS邻接关系
show isis adjacency summary # IS-IS邻接摘要(按进程显示)
show isis adjacency level-1 # Level-1邻接关系
show isis adjacency level-2 # Level-2邻接关系
show isis adjacency interface <interface> # 指定接口的邻接
show isis adjacency log # IS-IS邻接变化日志
show isis adjacency establish-failure log # IS-IS邻接建立失败日志
show isis adjacency up-time level-1 # Level-1邻接保持时间
show isis adjacency up-time level-2 # Level-2邻接保持时间
# IS-IS链路状态数据库
show isis database # IS-IS链路状态数据库摘要
show isis database detail # IS-IS数据库详细信息
show isis database level-1 # Level-1数据库
show isis database level-2 # Level-2数据库
show isis database level-1 detail # Level-1数据库详细
show isis database level-2 detail # Level-2数据库详细
show isis database <lsp-id> # 查看特定LSP
show isis database <lsp-id> detail # 查看特定LSP详细信息
show isis database log # IS-IS数据库日志
show isis database purge statistics detail # IS-IS数据库清除统计
show isis database verbose # IS-IS数据库详尽信息
# IS-IS电路(接口)信息
show isis circuits # IS-IS电路信息
show isis circuits summary # IS-IS电路摘要
show isis circuits detail # IS-IS电路详细信息
show isis circuits interface <interface> # 指定接口的电路信息
show isis circuits no-adjacency # 没有邻接的IS-IS电路
# IS-IS动态主机名
show isis hostname # IS-IS动态主机名映射
# IS-IS路由信息(IPv4)
show isis ipv4 route # IS-IS IPv4路由表
show isis ipv4 route all # IS-IS所有IPv4路由(包括不可达)
show isis ipv4 route summary # IS-IS IPv4路由汇总
show isis ipv4 route detail # IS-IS IPv4路由详细信息
show isis ipv4 route level-1 # Level-1 IPv4路由
show isis ipv4 route level-2 # Level-2 IPv4路由
show isis ipv4 route A.B.C.D # 查询特定IPv4路由
show isis ipv4 route flex-algorithm <algo-id> # 灵活算法路由
show isis ipv4 route strict-spf # 严格SPF路由
# IS-IS路由信息(IPv6)
show isis ipv6 route # IS-IS IPv6路由表
show isis ipv6 route all # IS-IS所有IPv6路由(包括不可达)
show isis ipv6 route summary # IS-IS IPv6路由汇总
show isis ipv6 route detail # IS-IS IPv6路由详细信息
show isis ipv6 route level-1 # Level-1 IPv6路由
show isis ipv6 route level-2 # Level-2 IPv6路由
show isis ipv6 route X:X::X:X # 查询特定IPv6路由
show isis ipv6 route X:X::X:X/<0-128> # 查询特定IPv6前缀
show isis ipv6 route flex-algorithm <algo-id> # 灵活算法IPv6路由
show isis ipv6 route strict-spf # 严格SPF IPv6路由
# IS-IS拓扑路径
show isis topology # IS-IS拓扑路径
show isis topology detail # IS-IS拓扑详细信息
show isis topology level-1 # Level-1拓扑路径
show isis topology level-2 # Level-2拓扑路径
show isis topology <process-id> # 到特定进程的拓扑路径
# IS-IS快速重路由
show isis fast-reroute-topology lfa # IS-IS LFA快速重路由路径
show isis fast-reroute-topology remote-lfa # IS-IS Remote-LFA路径
show isis fast-reroute-topology ti-lfa # IS-IS TI-LFA路径
# IS-IS Segment Routing
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map # IS-IS SR前缀SID映射
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map ipv4 # IPv4前缀SID映射
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map ipv6 # IPv6前缀SID映射
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map detail # SR前缀SID映射详细信息
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map conflict # SR前缀SID冲突信息
# IS-IS MPLS流量工程
show isis mpls traffic-eng tunnel # IS-IS MPLS TE隧道信息
# IS-IS BIER信息
show isis bier topology brief sub-domain <sub-domain-identifier> # IS-IS BIER拓扑路径
# IS-IS Mesh Groups
show isis mesh-groups blocked # IS-IS阻塞的mesh组
show isis mesh-groups group # IS-IS mesh组分发信息
# IS-IS NSR/NSF信息
show isis nsf # IS-IS NSF状态信息
# IS-IS备份路由
show isis ipv4 backup route # IS-IS IPv4备份路由
show isis ipv6 backup route # IS-IS IPv6备份路由
# IS-IS配置查看
show running-config isis # IS-IS运行配置
show running-config isis all # IS-IS所有配置(包含默认缺省配置)
2.2 OSPF(IPv4)
show ip ospf neighbor # OSPF邻居关系
show ip ospf interface brief # OSPF接口简要信息
show ip ospf interface # OSPF接口详细信息
show ip ospf database # OSPF链路状态数据库
show ip ospf database router # OSPF Type-1 LSA(Router LSA)
show ip ospf database network # OSPF Type-2 LSA(Network LSA)
show ip ospf database summary # OSPF Type-3 LSA(Summary LSA)
show ip ospf database asbr-summary # OSPF Type-4 LSA(ASBR Summary LSA)
show ip ospf database external # OSPF Type-5 LSA(External LSA)
show ip ospf database nssa # OSPF Type-7 LSA(NSSA External LSA)
show ip ospf database self-originate # OSPF自生成的LSA
show ip ospf border-routers # OSPF边界路由器信息
show ip ospf virtual-links # OSPF虚链路信息
show ip ospf # OSPF进程概要信息
show ip ospf route # OSPF路由表(按进程显示)
show running-config ospfv2 # OSPFv2运行配置
2.3 OSPFv3(IPv6)
# OSPFv3进程概要
show ipv6 ospf # 所有OSPFv3进程概要信息
show ipv6 ospf <1-16777215> # 指定进程的详细信息(如:show ipv6 ospf 100)
# OSPFv3邻居
show ipv6 ospf neighbor # OSPFv3邻居列表
show ipv6 ospf neighbor detail # OSPFv3邻居详细信息
show ipv6 ospf neighbor summary # OSPFv3邻居摘要
show ipv6 ospf neighbor log # OSPFv3邻居日志
show ipv6 ospf neighbor A.B.C.D # 指定邻居ID的详细信息
# OSPFv3接口
show ipv6 ospf interface # OSPFv3接口状态和配置
show ipv6 ospf interface <interface-type> # 指定类型接口的OSPFv3信息
bvi BVI接口
flexe_channel FlexE通道接口
gre_tunnel GRE隧道接口
irb IRB接口
lgei- 万兆以太网接口
loopback Loopback接口
smartgroup Smartgroup接口
vlan VLAN接口
vei VEI接口
...
# OSPFv3数据库
show ipv6 ospf database # OSPFv3数据库摘要
show ipv6 ospf database router # Router-LSA(Type-1)
show ipv6 ospf database network # Network-LSA(Type-2)
show ipv6 ospf database inter-prefix # Inter-Prefix-LSA(Type-3)
show ipv6 ospf database inter-router # Inter-Router-LSA(Type-4)
show ipv6 ospf database intra-prefix # Intra-Prefix-LSA(Type-9)
show ipv6 ospf database link # Link-LSA(Type-8)
show ipv6 ospf database external # AS-external-LSA(Type-5/Type-7)
show ipv6 ospf database nssa # NSSA Type-7 LSA
show ipv6 ospf database intra-te # Intra-Area-TE-LSA
show ipv6 ospf database router-info # Router-Information-Opaque-LSA
show ipv6 ospf database srv6-locator # SRv6-Locator-LSA
show ipv6 ospf database extended # 扩展LSA类型
external Extended-AS-External-LSA
inter-prefix Extended-Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA
intra-prefix Extended-Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA
router Extended-Router-LSA
# OSPFv3数据库高级选项
show ipv6 ospf database <lsa-type> adv-router # 查看特定通告路由器的LSA
show ipv6 ospf database <lsa-type> process <pid> # 查看指定进程的LSA
# OSPFv3路由
show ipv6 ospf route # OSPFv3路由表
show ipv6 ospf route detail # OSPFv3路由详细信息
show ipv6 ospf route summary # OSPFv3路由汇总统计
show ipv6 ospf route adv-router <router-id> # 查看特定通告路由器的路由
show ipv6 ospf route network <ipv6-address> # 查看特定网络的路由
# OSPFv3虚链路
show ipv6 ospf virtual-links # OSPFv3虚链路信息
show ipv6 ospf virtual-links process <pid> # 指定进程的虚链路
# OSPFv3顶点信息
show ipv6 ospf vertex # OSPFv3顶点信息
show ipv6 ospf vertex backup # 备份顶点信息
show ipv6 ospf vertex log # 顶点日志
show ipv6 ospf vertex process <pid> # 指定进程的顶点信息
# OSPFv3统计
show ipv6 ospf statistics interface <if-name> # OSPFv3接口统计信息
# OSPFv3配置查看
show running-config ospfv3 # OSPFv3运行配置
三、MPLS/LDP相关命令
3.1 MPLS
#MPLS转发
show mpls forwarding-table # MPLS标签转发表
show mpls forwarding-table <A.B.C.D/ X:X::X:X> # Destination IPv4/IPv6 prefix标签转发表
#LDP会话和绑定
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id> # LDP邻居简要信息(必须指定instance!)
show mpls ldp neighbor instance <id> # LDP邻居详细信息
show mpls ldp parameters instance <id> # LDP参数配置
show mpls ldp binding instance <id> # LDP标签绑定信息(全局)
show mpls ldp discovery instance <id> # LDP发现信息
# LDP配置
show running-config ldp # LDP运行配置
四、ping/trace相关命令
4.1 业务测试
ping <dest-ip> # Ping全局地址
ping <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip Ping全局地址
ping6 <dest-ipv6> # Ping v6地址
ping6 <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> # 指定本地源ipv6 Ping v6地址
ping vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> # Ping测VRF内地址
ping vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip Ping测VRF内地址
ping6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> # Ping测VRF ipc6内地址
ping6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> #指定本地源ipv6 Ping测VRF ipc6内地址
trace <ip> # trace 路径
trace <ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip trace 路径
trace vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> # trace vrf内ip路径
trace vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ip> source <source-ip> # 指定本地源ip trace vrf内ip路径
trace6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> # trace vrf内ipv6路径
trace6 vrf <vrf-name> <dest-ipv6> source <source-ipv6> # 指定本地源ipv6 trace vrf内ipv6路径
五、隧道相关命令
show mpls traffic-eng tunnels brief # 查看
show mpls traffic-eng tunnels te_tunnel <Tunnel_ID> # 查看本端设备te隧道详细情况
show mpls traffic-eng interface brief # TE接口的状态
六、接口和路由基础命令
6.1 接口状态
show interface brief # 接口简要信息
show ip interface brief # IP接口简要信息
show intf-statistics utilization # 接口利用率
show intf-statistics utilization phy-interface-only # 仅查看物理口利用率
show interface description # 查看端口状态以及描述(可通过描述判断业务、互联设备信息)
show opticalinfo brief # 查看端口收发情况
show opticalinfo <phy-interface> # 查看物理口收发光信息
show interface <interface> # 查看接口详细信息
6.2 全局路由
show ip forwarding route # 全局全量IPv4路由表(慎用)
show ip forwarding route <ipv4-address> # 查询某ip路由表(优先)
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf> # 查询某vrf IPv4路由表(慎用)
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf> <ip-address> # 查询某vrf 某ip IPv4路由表(优先)
show ipv6 forwarding route # 全局全量IPv6路由表(慎用)
show ipv6 forwarding route <ipv6-address> # 全局某IPv6路由表(优先)
show ipv6 forwarding route vrf <vrf> # 查询某vrf IPv6路由表(慎用)
show ipv6 forwarding route vrf <vrf> <ip-address> # 查询某vrf 某ip IPv6路由表(优先)
6.3 ND/ARP/MAC
show arp # 全局ARP表
show arp vrf <vrf> # vrf arp表信息
show nd6 cache # 全量nd信息
show nd6 cache <interface> # 某接口nd信息
七、系统基础命令
7.1 系统信息
show version # 版本信息
show card-state brief # 单板状态
show fan # 风扇信息
show power # 电源信息
show temperature environment-threshold # 温度信息
7.2 配置信息
show running-config # 当前运行配置 范围太广尽量少用或不用,优先使用单模块查找
show running-config <module> # 通过模块查询具体配置,可以通过`show running-config ?`查看有什么模块
show running-config-interface <interface> # 查看某端口具体配置
7.3 告警信息
show alarm current brief # 当前告警信息
show alarm current typeid <module> # 通过模块查询当前告警,可以通过`show alarm current typeid ?`查看有什么模块
show alarm history # 查看历史告警(主要用于回溯)
show alarm history typeid <module> # 通过模块查询历史告警,可以通过`show alarm history typeid ?`查看有什么模块
7.4 lldp邻居信息
show lldp neighbor brief | one-line # 查看lldp邻居信息
show lldp neighbor interface <phy-interface> # 查看接口lldp邻居信息
八、命令语法说明
8.1 重要注意事项
-
LDP命令必须指定instance:
show mpls ldp neighbor brief instance <id>✅show mpls ldp neighbor brief❌ Incomplete command
-
BGP VPNv4路由查询:
show bgp vpnv4 unicast vrf <vrf-name> route✅show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd-by-vrf <vrf-name>❌ Incomplete commandshow bgp ipv4 unicast route❌ Ambiguous command
-
VRF路由查询:
show ip forwarding route vrf <vrf-name>✅show ip route vrf <vrf-name>❌ Invalid inputshow ipv4 route vrf <vrf-name>❌ Invalid input
-
OSPFv3命令特点:
- OSPFv3使用
show ipv6 ospf前缀,而不是show ip ospf - OSPFv3数据库LSA类型与OSPFv2不同:Type-1/2/3/4/5对应router/network/inter-prefix/inter-router/external
- OSPFv3新增Type-7(Link-LSA)、Type-8(Intra-Prefix-LSA)等IPv6特有LSA
- OSPFv3支持SRv6 Locator LSA(
show ipv6 ospf database srv6-locator) - OSPFv3请求列表和重传列表需要指定邻居或接口参数
- OSPFv3使用
-
IS-IS命令特点:
- IS-IS支持多进程:设备上有多个IS-IS进程实例(如进程0、1、5、44、101等)
- Level分离:大多数命令支持
level-1和level-2选项,分别查看L1/L2信息 - IPv4/IPv6分离:路由查询使用
show isis ipv4 route和show isis ipv6 route - LSP标识符格式:
system-id.xx-xx*(如MER1.00-00*) - 灵活算法支持:
flex-algorithm参数用于查看特定算法的路由 - Segment Routing集成:通过
show isis segment-routing prefix-sid-map查看SR映射 - 快速重路由:支持LFA、Remote-LFA、TI-LFA三种保护方式
-
BGP命令特点:
- BGP支持多种地址族:IPv4/IPv6单播、VPNv4/VPNv6、EVPN、Link-State等
- BGP IPv4/IPv6命令结构相似,都支持summary、neighbor、detail、community等子命令
- BGP VPNv4/VPNv6需要通过
vrf <vrf-name>或rd <rd-value>来指定VRF - EVPN支持多种NLRI类型:ethernet-ad、mac、ip-prefix、inclusive-multicast等
- Link-State按protocol和type分类,可以查看ISIS/OSPF/BGP等协议的链路状态信息
- BMP用于监控BGP会话和路由,支持monitor-peer和monitor-route
- SR-EPE和SRv6-EPE用于出向peer工程,支持按AS查询
- RPKI-RTR提供路由源验证功能,支持valid/invalid/not-found状态查询
8.2 参数占位符说明
文档中使用以下占位符表示需要替换的参数:
<ipv4-address>- IPv4地址,如192.168.1.1<ipv6-address>- IPv6地址,如2001:db8::1<as-number>- AS号码,如65001<vrf-name>- VRF名称,如vpn1<rd-value>- RD值,如65001:100<interface>- 接口名称,如gei_1/1或loopback1<process-id>- 进程ID,如isis 100中的100<lsp-id>- LSP标识符,如MER1.00-00*<system-id>- IS-IS系统ID,如1<regex>- 正则表达式,用于匹配AS路径<community>- BGP团体号,如65001:100<route-map>- 路由图名称<ug-index>- 更新组索引号<name>- 名称标识符<prefix>- 网络前缀<mac-address>- MAC地址,如00:11:22:33:44:55<index-value>- 索引值<neighbor>- 邻居IP地址<algo-id>- 灵活算法ID
8.3 特殊限制
netx平台对命令数量有限制,可以多次采集